http://upei.ca/arts/psychology
http://upei.ca/science/psychology

Psychology Faculty
Thomy Nilsson, Professor Emeritus
Nia Phillips, Associate Professor, Chair
Stephen Butler, Professor
Annabel J. Cohen, Professor
Colleen MacQuarrie, Professor
Catherine L. Ryan, Professor
Philip B. Smith, Professor
Michael Arfken, Associate Professor
Jason Doiron, Associate Professor
Tracy Doucette, Associate Professor
Scott Greer, Associate Professor
Stacey MacKinnon, Associate Professor
Jennifer Altman, Assistant Professor
Raquel Hoersting, Assistant Professor
Martha O’Meara, Assistant Professor
Jessica Strong, Assistant Professor
Yoshiyuki Takano, Assistant Professor

REQUIREMENTS FOR A MAJOR IN PSYCHOLOGY
Student may declare a major in Psychology at any time. Majors are expected to take four required courses, Psychology 1010-1020, Psychology 2780 and Psychology 2790, in their first two years. A formal review of each student’s performance is conducted upon completion of the four core courses. Continuation of the program will be based upon a 70% average with no mark below 60% in the four core courses.

Bachelor of Arts in with a Major in Psychology
Students pursuing a Bachelor of Arts degree with a major in Psychology must take at least fourteen semester courses (42 semester hours). In selecting these 14 courses, students must satisfy the following course selection criteria:  NOTE: As per Academic Regulation #1 h), all undergraduate degree programs require successful completion of IKE-1040, one of UPEI-1010, 1020 or 1030, and a Writing Intensive Course.

1. Majors are required to take:
Psychology 1010 Introduction to Psychology—Part I
Psychology 1020 Introduction to Psychology—Part II
Psychology 2780 Statistics and Research Design I
Psychology 2790 Statistics and Research Design II

2. Majors are required to take at least one (1) course in six (6) of the seven areas listed below.

3. Majors must take at least two (2) courses selected at the 3000-level or above.

4. Majors must take at least one (1) course selected at the 4000-level.

NOTE 1: Completion of Psychology 2780-2790 satisfies the Research Methods and Statistics area requirement.

NOTE 2: Criteria (3) and (4) may be met in the process of satisfying criterion (2). That is, a course may satisfy both an area and a level requirement.

NOTE 3: Other courses may satisfy an area requirement at the discretion of the Chair (e.g. Directed Studies courses).

NOTE 4: Other electives may be drawn from all other courses in Psychology including Directed Studies Courses (Psychology 4310-4320), cross-listed courses offered by other Departments, and summer session courses in Psychology.

NOTE 5: Psychology 4800 and 4900 are honours thesis courses and do not satisfy this requirement.

Behavioural Neuroscience
2120 Drugs and Behaviour
3110 Physiological Psychology
3120 Brain and Behaviour
3130 Introduction to Neuropsychology
3210 Learning and Motivation: Basic Processes
4030 Issues in Developmental Psychopharmacology

Clinical and Applied
2020 Introduction to History and Theory of Psychology
3520 Psychological Disorders
3530 Childhood Psychological Disorders
3930 Health Psychology
4410 Existential – Phenomenological Psychology
4530 Human Services: Integrating Theory and Practice
4610 Psychological Assessment
4620 Psychotherapy

Critical and Historical Perspectives
3010 “Psychology” from the Ancient to the Modern World
3020 Modern Psychological Concepts and Practice in Historical Perspective
3330 Ecopsychology
3850 Cultural Psychology
3860 Buddhist Psychology
3910 Psychology of Women
3950 Gender and Violence
4350 Gender and Sexuality
4630 Critical Issues for Contemporary Psychology
4720 Social Justice in Psychology

Developmental
2010 Developmental Psychology—General
3030 Psychology of Aging
3050 Adolescent Development and Adjustment
3080 Child Development
3090 Adult Development

Personality and Social
2220 Psychology of Personal Experience
2420 Introduction to Social Psychology
2910 Contemporary Psychoanalytic Thought
3310 Creativity
3420 Interpersonal Relationships
3510 Theories of Personality

Perception and Cognition
2600 Sensation and Perception
3810 Human Learning and Memory
3820 Cognitive Psychology
3830 Psycholinguistics
4110 Consciousness
4120 Music Cognition

Research Methods and Statistics
2710 Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences I
2780 Statistics and Research Design I
2790 Statistics and Research Design II
3710 Advanced Statistics
3740 Advanced Qualitative Research

Bachelor of Science in with a Major in Psychology
Students pursuing a Bachelor of Science degree with a major in Psychology will complete the Psychology course requirements as described above for the Bachelor of Arts degree. Students seeking a BSc will also be required to complete a minimum of seven semester courses (21 semester hours) of course work in the Faculty of Science. Credit in each of the following courses is required:  NOTE: As per Academic Regulation #1 h), all undergraduate degree programs require successful completion of IKE-1040, one of UPEI-1010, 1020 or 1030, and a Writing Intensive Course.

1. Biology 1310 and 1320
2. Mathematics 1120
3. Chemistry 1110 and 1120 OR Physics 1210 and 1220
4. Two courses which have laboratory components at the 2000-level or above in one of Biology, Chemistry, Physics, or Foods and Nutrition. Both courses must be in the same discipline area.

REQUIREMENTS FOR A MINOR IN PSYCHOLOGY
Students may declare a minor in Psychology at any time. Minors complete the following core courses, preferably in their first two years: Psychology 1010-1020 (Introduction to Psychology I and II) and either Psychology 2780-2790 (Statistics and Research Design I and II) or Psychology 2510 (Thinking Critically about Psychological Research). A formal review of each student’s performance is conducted upon completion of the core courses. Continuation in the program requires a 70% average in the core courses with no mark below 60% in the core courses.

Students considering whether to take 2780-2790 or 2510 are advised that many upper-level courses are open only to students who have completed 2780-2790. Students planning a minor, but wanting the option to change from a minor to a major in Psychology within the same degree, are advised that the major requires 2780-2790, and that 2510 does not count as one of the 14 Psychology courses required for a major (but would count as a non-Psychology elective for someone who becomes a major). Students completing a minor in Psychology complete at least seven Psychology courses, including the core courses, and including at least one course at the 3000 or 4000 level.

PREREQUISITES
The Psychology Department strongly recommends that English 1010 be completed before taking 3000 and 4000 level Psychology courses. Psychology 1010 and 1020 are prerequisites for all other courses offered by the Department. Psychology 2780 or equivalent and 2790 are prerequisites for all 3000-4000 level courses in Psychology except where extra-departmental requirements are accepted. Under exceptional circumstances, Third and Fourth Year students not majoring in Psychology may apply to the course instructor for a waiver of these prerequisites to 3000-4000 level courses. Prospective majors are expected to take Psychology 2780 and 2790 during their second year since these courses are required for entrance into the majors program. Courses not specifically listed as “Both semesters” are generally offered during only one semester of each year. Check the timetable to be certain.

FACULTY ADVISOR
Each Psychology major will be assigned a professor to serve as his/her Faculty Advisor. Your Advisor can help make you familiar with the Psychology program and offer assistance in course selection and career planning. Your Advisor will also be a person who will become familiar with you and your interests on an ongoing basis. It is recommended that you consult regularly with your Faculty Advisor to develop a course of study that will best prepare you for your future career plans.

RELATED COURSES OF STUDY
The Psychology Department also encourages its majors to take a wide variety of electives in the Sciences, Social Sciences and Humanities, in recognition of the value of a general education. Specific areas of study recommended because they both broaden the student’s basis of knowledge and relate particularly well to the discipline of Psychology include Sociology & Anthropology (because Psychology is a social science), Biology (because Psychology is also a biological science), and Philosophy (because the roots of the discipline are in philosophy and because contemporary psychological issues continue to reflect philosophical issues). Specific electives are, of course, a matter of the student’s choice but we encourage serious consideration of the above-mentioned suggestions. Those who wish further guidance should consult with their Faculty Advisor.

REQUIREMENTS FOR HONOURS IN PSYCHOLOGY

COURSE REQUIREMENTS
Nineteen (19) semester courses (57 semester hours) in Psychology which must include Psychology 1010-1020, Psychology 2780-2790, Psychology 4810, Psychology 4800 (Honours Literature Review) and Psychology 4900 (Honours Thesis). Students pursuing a Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours in Psychology must complete all of the requirements for a BA with a major in Psychology. Students pursuing a Bachelor of Science degree with Honours in Psychology must complete all of the requirements for a BSc with a major in Psychology. To graduate with an Honours degree requires a total of 42 semester courses (126 semester hours).

NOTE: As per Academic Regulation #1 h), all undergraduate degree programs require successful completion of IKE-1040, one of UPEI-1010, 1020 or 1030, and a Writing Intensive Course.

THE HONOURS THESIS
The Honours Thesis will consist of a paper written in the format specified by the Canadian Psychological Association. The thesis will most typically report a small research project (quantitative and/or qualitative), but other alternatives include: (a) a review paper that includes an original historical and theoretical overview of the topic, or (b) a critique of the theory, research, or practice of psychology. The thesis is evaluated by a committee of at least three faculty members including the student’s supervisor.  There is an oral defence of the thesis.

ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES
1.  Students must be a Psychology major, and must have met (or will be meeting in the upcoming academic year) all of the requirements for either a BA or BSc in Psychology.

2. Students must submit an official academic transcript, and have an overall average of at least 70% in all prior courses and 75% in Psychology courses. Students must maintain these averages to graduate with Honours. 3. Before admittance to the honours program, students must apply for acceptance into a pre-honours pool. Acceptance to the pre-honours pool confirms honours eligibility but does not guarantee admittance to the honours program.

OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE HONOURS PROGRAM
Because of the extra course requirements and the extra time consumed by the process of producing an Honours Thesis, early planning is important. Students may be required to pay part or all of the expenses to produce the Honours Thesis. The Department of Psychology intends to provide some financial support for students, but the amount will depend on (a) the funding the Department receives, and (b) the number of students in the program.

PSYCHOLOGY COURSES

1010 INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY: Part I
A general introductory survey of theory and research on basic psychological processes: research methodology in psychology, biological basis of behaviour, sensation and perception, learning and motivation, memory and cognition.
Three hours a week

1020 INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY: Part II
An introduction to psychological theory in the form of application of the basic processes (Psychology 1010) to the individual in a social context. Areas include developmental psychology, personality theory and testing, emotion, personal adjustment and problems in living, therapies, and social psychology.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010
Three hours a week

2010 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY (offered in both semesters)
This survey course examines human development across the life span through physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional domains. The course includes discussions surrounding applications of developmental theory in various contexts, including public policy, education, counselling, and health domains. Lectures, in-class assignments, and research papers are designed to encourage students to evaluate developmental change critically and to apply their knowledge to their communities.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020
Three hours a week
NOTE: Credit will not be allowed for Psychology 2010 if a student has already received credit for Family Science/Kinesiology 2410.

2020 INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY AND THEORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
This course offers an introduction to the history of psychology, beginning with the early modern period. We examine Enlightenment philosophy, Darwin and the naturalization of the mind, and the experimental revolution of the 19th Century. These developments lead to the main focus for the course: the founding of psychology as a separate discipline. The origins of psychology in North America are contrasted with the development of German psychology, and the impact of the different social and cultural contexts is explored. Students also learn about the first schools of psychology in the early 20th Century, the social and historical construction of “normal” and “abnormal”, the role of psychological testing in the professionalization of psychology, and the emergence of various systems in psychology, such as psychoanalysis, behaviourism, humanistic, and cognitive psychologies.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010 and 1020
Three hours a week

2041 CAREER AND COMMUNITY APPLICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY I
This is the first in a series of three one-semester-hour courses, spread over three years, in which psychology majors explore interactions between themselves, psychological theory and research, and their opportunities for education, career, and community engagement. Core concepts in developmental psychology, emerging adulthood, and identity are considered. Students investigate the relevance of their personal strengths, challenges, values, and goals for:  success as a psychology major; effective preparation for possible post-degree education; employment opportunities following the Bachelor’s degree; careers in related fields requiring further study; careers requiring graduate study in psychology; and, applying psychology to make a positive difference in their communities and the broader world.
PREREQUISITE:  Psychology 1010-1020
One hour a week
NOTE:  Equivalent of one class hour per week, normally clustered into longer, less frequent classes.

2120 DRUGS AND BEHAVIOUR
This introduction to psychopharmacology examines drugs which act on the nervous system and their subsequent impact on behaviour. Topics include basic neurophysiology and mechanisms of drug addiction, tolerance and withdrawal. Discussion focuses on the effects and underlying mechanisms of several drug types including antidepressants, antipsychotics, alcohol, cocaine, hallucinogens, nicotine, and caffeine.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020
Three hours a week

2220 PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
This course introduces students to the basic concepts and ideas in Humanistic and Existential psychologies, and involves applying and integrating psychological theory to personal experience. Students learn about theorists such as Jung, Rogers, Maslow, May, and Frankl, and the ways in which meaning, purpose, choice, and consciousness are fundamental to existence. The development of humanistic psychology from phenomenological and existential approaches is considered, and the differences from experimental psychologies are discussed. As ways of comprehending our lives, themes of personal (‘self ’) and interpersonal (‘self-in-relation’) experience will be explored within a larger sociocultural context. Topics may include: being/becoming, intentionality, authenticity, values, growth, agency, identity, anxiety, and transcendent experience. Since this course focuses on finding ways for students to apply psychological insights to their everyday lives, experiential learning, personal reflection and class discussion will be emphasized. Active class participation is therefore essential for this course, and may involve journals, small group work, written responses to the readings, or other opportunities for personal reflection, both inside and outside of class.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020
Three hours a week

2320 SPECIAL TOPICS
Creation of a course code for special topics offered by Psychology at the 2000 level.

2420 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY (offered in both semesters)
This course focuses on the ways in which an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are influenced by the social environment. It provides an introduction to major theories, principles, methods and findings of the discipline. Topics include social perception and cognition, attitudes and attitude change, gender, attraction, aggression, helping, conformity, obedience, group interaction, and cultural influences. Through a variety of assignments students are encouraged to attend to the operation of social psychological principles in daily living. The course includes both lectures and participation in group experiences.
Cross-listed with Sociology 2820 and Family Science 2430.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020 and/or Sociology 1010-1020
Three hours a week

2510 THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Designed for non-Psychology majors, this course develops their abilities as consumers of psychological research. Students learn about paradigms of research and knowledge, consider key assumptions in both quantitative and qualitative research, and explore how quantitative and qualitative perspectives influence the construction of knowledge. Students apply critical thinking strategies within the context of psychological research and develop skills to evaluate claims made about psychological phenomena in the popular media and professional literature. Concepts explored include understanding and prediction, description and inference, biases in research conduct and communication, representativeness, evaluating testimonials, correlation and causation, multiple causation, operational definitions, placebo effects, experimental control, and probability.
PREREQUISITES: Psychology 1010-1020. This course is not open to students who already have earned credit for Psychology 2780 or 2790, or who are currently enrolled in Psychology 2780 or 2790.
NOTE: This course cannot be counted as one of the 14 courses required to earn a major in Psychology.

2600 SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
This course examines how the more basic senses work and how they contribute to our awareness of the world. The sense of touch seems to give us direct contact with the world. The abilities to sense chemicals in the food we eat and the air we breathe guide not only what we eat but also our emotions. Sensing vibrations in air enables us to detect events out of sight and to receive both verbal and musical communications from others. Content covered in this course also considers principles and theories of how visual information is received, and how it is processed and combined to produce visual images. These vastly different sources of information-mechanical, chemical and gravitational, as well as the electromagnetic basis of vision are sensed by specialized biological receptors that transform the information into nerve impulses. This course examines how the principles used by the brain to interpret the diverse information are surprisingly similar.
PREREQUISITE:  Psychology 1010 and 1020
Three hours a week
NOTE: Credit will not be allowed for Psychology 2600 if a student has already received credit for Psychology 2610 or Psychology 2620.

2630 PSYCHOLOGY OF MUSIC
The course introduces fundamental and exciting developments in the growing field of the psychology of music. Taking a cognitive psychological approach, topics in the course include memory for popular music,  the distinctive sounds of musical instruments, music and the brain,  rhythmic behaviour in humans and animals,  absolute pitch,  music and expectancy,  the unheard melodies of film music, music and emotion,  musical performance, musical creativity, musical intelligence,  musical development, cross-cultural perspectives and world music,  music appreciation and personality,  music and well-being, and the historical context. Students will explore complexities underlying research findings and will aim to relate this understanding to music in their lives as well as to other areas in psychology.
PREREQUISITE:  Psychology 1010 and 1020
Three hours a week

2710 STATISTICS FOR THE BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES I (offered first semester)
This course is an introduction to applied statistics as used by behavioural scientists in measurement, data, analysis, and design of experiments. This course stresses both an understanding of the rationale governing the selection of appropriate designs or techniques as well as practical experience in calculation. Topics include: scaling, measures of central tendency and variability, probability, statistical inference and hypothesis testing, means test (z and t), correlational techniques, chi-square and other non-parametric techniques, and analysis of variance.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020 and enrolment in the Faculty of Nursing, or permission of instructor
Three hours a week

2780 STATISTICS AND RESEARCH DESIGN I (offered in first semester)
The first in a two-part series, this course considers paradigms of knowledge and research, introducing students to skills in interpreting and applying descriptive statistics and in basic quantitative and qualitative research design. Students learn how to find and evaluate reports of psychological research. Statistical concepts and applications addressed include frequency tables, graphs, measures of central tendency and variability, z scores, correlation, and probability. Students explore research methods of interviews, observation, and questionnaires. Ethical issues in research are introduced. Laboratory and field projects introduce students to SPSS and to research methodologies.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020
Three hours a week class; one hour a week laboratory

2790 STATISTICS AND RESEARCH DESIGN II (offered second semester)
Building on Psychology 2780, this course further explores paradigms of knowledge and research, introducing students to skills in interpreting and applying inferential statistics and in research design. Students learn about framing research questions and developing hypotheses. Statistical concepts and applications include significance, confidence intervals, regression, t tests, analysis of variance, and chi square. Students consider research methods in quasi-experimental and experimental design. Approaches to collecting and analyzing data from qualitative designs are investigated. Students develop skills in written and oral presentation of research, and ethical issues are further explored. Laboratory and field projects further apply SPSS and various research methodologies.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780 with a minimum grade of 60% required
Three hours a week class; one hour a week laboratory

2910 CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOANALYTIC THOUGHT
This course is devoted to exploring the work of Sigmund Freud, with special attention paid to his theory of mind and its emphasis on the unconscious and sexuality. We also consider some of Freud’s case studies, his emphasis on narrative, his controversial theory of women, and an overview of his considerable legacy in psychology, psychiatry, and Western culture, including some examples of his reception in music, film, and art.
PREREQUISITES: Psychology 1010 and 1020

3010 “PSYCHOLOGY” FROM THE ANCIENT TO THE MODERN WORLD
Students begin by considering the question “What is history?” and the issues of historiography. Special attention is paid to the early Greek philosophers and the foundational ideas of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. The emphasis on a ‘soul’ by early Christian writers is examined, and various philosophies of mind from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the social and political context in the construction of knowledge, and an appreciation of this context is fostered through the reading of original texts.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790 or 2510
Three hours a week

3020 MODERN PSYCHOLOGICAL CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
The focus for this course is the historical evolution of various contemporary psychological concepts and practices. It begins with a general introduction to the intersection of psychology, historiography, and philosophy of science. Then, unlike the traditional “grand narrative” history, students learn about the history of psychological concepts and methods by starting with the present and then investigating their more proximate influences. Topics will vary year to year but may include: the history of statistics, the development of psychotherapy, and the history of introspection and its use as a psychological method; other topics include the history of consciousness, behaviour, memory, the self, race, gender, and sexuality. Debates over how research should proceed with regard to these topics will also be addressed.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010 & 1020; 2780 & 2790, or 2510
NOTE: Psychology 2020 is strongly recommended.
Three hours a week

3030 PSYCHOLOGY OF AGING
This course is designed to examine the psychology of aging from a variety of perspectives, theories, and research themes applicable to the later part of adulthood. Situating the psychology of aging within the broader discipline of gerontological studies, this course examines historical and current conceptions of aging along with contemporary research topics ranging across the physical to the psycho-social domains of aging. Lectures, in-class assignments, and research projects are designed to engage students in a critical analysis of gerontological concepts, research directions, and practices.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2010, 2780-2790 or 2510 or permission of instructor.
Three hours a week

3041 CAREER AND COMMUNITY APPLICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY II
This is the second in a series of three one-semester-hour courses, spread over three years, in which psychology majors explore interactions between themselves, psychological theory and research, and their opportunities for education, career, and community engagement. Core concepts in developmental psychology, emerging adulthood, and identity are considered. Students investigate the relevance of their personal strengths, challenges, values, and goals for:  success as a psychology major; effective preparation for possible post-degree education; employment opportunities following the Bachelor’s degree; careers in related fields requiring further study; careers requiring graduate study in psychology; and, applying psychology to make a positive difference in their communities and the broader world.
PREREQUISITE:  Psychology 1010-1021, 2041
One hour a week
NOTE:  Equivalent of one class hour per week, normally clustered into longer, less frequent classes This course does not count toward requirements for competing courses at the 3000-level or above.

3050 ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT AND ADJUSTMENT
This course examines both the research and theoretical perspectives in areas that are integral to an understanding of the period of adolescence and of adolescents themselves. We address the following areas: puberty and psychobiology; the development of cognition and social cognition; the formation of identity, including career options, and the development of sexuality and a system of values, factors that influence the formation of identity, such as the family, the peer group, and the media, the school experience; and issues in adolescent development such as some aspects of psychopathology, juvenile justice, and the problems encountered by indigenous youth.
Cross-listed with Family Science 3050.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2010, 2780-2790 or 2510. For students taking the course as FSC 3050, FSC 3810 as a co-requisite or prerequisite
Three hours a week

3080 CHILD DEVELOPMENT
This course explores children’s development in depth by focussing on the various domains of change from birth to adolescence. Themes of change and stability throughout childhood are examined using analytical and descriptive theories of development. Implications of developmental approaches are examined for practice and public policy domains. Lectures, in-class assignments, and research projects are designed to encourage students to assess critically these developmental changes and to apply that understanding to other contexts.
Cross-listed with Family Science 3080.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2010, 2780-2790 or 2510. For students taking the course as FSC 3080, FSC 3810 as a co-requisite or prerequisite
Three hours a week
NOTE: Students who have taken either 3040 or 3410 will not be eligible to enrol in 3080 without the instructor’s permission.

3090 ADULT DEVELOPMENT
The purpose of this course is to better understand adult development by focussing on themes of change and stability from young adulthood through to older adulthood. Students use analytical and descriptive theories of adult development to explore how adults negotiate physical, cognitive, social, and emotional aspects of development. Lectures, in-class assignments, and research projects are designed to encourage students to evaluate critically the contemporary research in adult development and to apply their understanding of adult development to a wide array of contexts and policy environments.
Cross-listed with Family Science 3100.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790 or 2510. For students taking the course as FSC 3100, FSC 3810 as a co-requisite or prerequisite
Three hours a week

3110 PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
This course focuses on the nervous system as the basis of all experience and behaviour. It examines how a biological perspective of the brain developed, how neuroanatomy defines brain function, how neurons transmit information, how body movement is controlled, and how touch, pain, sleep and arousal work.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2120, 2780-2790.  Students who do not have Psychology 2780-2790, but do have equivalent statistics and research methods courses may enrol with permission of the instructor.
Three hours a week, two hours a week laboratory

3120 BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR
This course builds on Psychology 3110 and is designed to explore complex behaviour in terms of brain physiology. Topics include: the operation of basic motivational mechanisms that regulate temperature, hunger and thirst; and sexual behavior; arousal, and sleep; emotions; brain pathology and mental disorders; and learning and memory.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790, 3110; or permission of instructor
Three hours a week class, two hours laboratory a week

3130 INTRODUCTION TO NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
This course explores current concepts of the function of the human forebrain as revealed through cortical damage and degenerative diseases. The course addresses basic principles of cortical organization and function and how these relate to issues of localization of function, hemispheric dominance, and sex differences in brain and behaviour. These principles are then applied to discussions of the cause and diagnosis of specific language, memory, and sensory dysfunctions resulting from developmental disorders, head trauma, and degenerative diseases.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2120, 2780-2790, or 3110, or permission of instructor. Students who do not have Psychology 2780-2790, but do have equivalent statistics research methods courses may enrol with permission of the instructor
Three hours a week class, two hours a week laboratory

3210 LEARNING AND MOTIVATION: BASIC PROCESSES
This course provides a survey of learning theories presented by Thorndike, Pavlov, Hull, Skinner and others. It will concentrate on some of the controversial issues between the S-R and cognitive approaches, and explore some of the findings relating to the fundamental principles of learning, motivation, reinforcement, incentives, effects of punishment and the problem of generalization and discrimination in learning. The applicability of some of the basic principles discovered in the animal laboratory to the everyday behaviour of people will also be examined.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790. Students who do not have Psychology 2780-2790, but do have equivalent statistics research methods courses may enrol with permission of the instructor.
Three hours a week class, two hours laboratory

3310 CREATIVITY
This course examines the nature of creativity as viewed from the psychoanalytic, cognitive problem solving, and humanistic existential perspectives. Topics include personality correlates of creative people, criteria and methods for judging creativity, the creative process, and the facilitation of creative potential. Small group participation is required.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790 or 2510
Three hours a week

3320 SPECIAL TOPICS
Creation of a course code for special topics offered by Psychology at the 3000 level.

3330 ECOPSYCHOLOGY
This seminar-style course examines the important role of the human relationship with nature in order to better understand psychological experience and ecological issues. It explores a variety of factors that may contribute to human disconnection from nature (such as technology, consumerism, psychological views of health and of the self) and ways of developing more sustainable relationships and deepening personal connections with nature (such as direct experience in nature, environmental restoration and activism, nature-based worldviews and psychotherapies, and systems theory). Some “field work” is required.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010, 1020, 2780-2790, 2510 or permission of the instructor. Other well-qualified students with backgrounds in subjects related to environmental studies are invited to seek permission of the instructor.
Three hours a week seminar

3420 INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
This course is designed to examine a variety of social psychological frameworks within the field of interpersonal relationships. Through in-class discussion, extensive writing, and major projects, students will gain an increased understanding of the multifaceted nature of interpersonal relationships. The course will focus on examples from one of three different relationships types each year: intimate relationships, family relationships, or group interactions.
PREREQUISITES: Psychology 1010-1020, 2420, and Psychology 2790 or Psychology 2510

3510 THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
The purpose of the course is to survey, compare and evaluate different approaches to the study of personality. Relevant personality theory and research will be reviewed within a broad framework including the perspectives of the psychodynamic, behaviour theory, cognitive, and humanistic approaches. The processes of personality organization and disorganization will be examined from different theoretical perspectives. The emphasis will be placed on current personality theory and its relevance to the student as a person as well as its relevance to other psychological theories.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790, or 2510
Three hours a week

3520 PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
This course engages students in a critical review of theories and research in psychological disorders.  Strengths and limitations of current diagnostic classification systems, such as the DSM, are analyzed, as are the personal and social consequences of their use. Current models of diagnosis, etiology, maintenance, and treatment of various disorders are reviewed. We explore limits on the generalizability of key concepts and findings across individual and cultural diversities.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790 or 2510
Three hours a week

3530 CHILDHOOD PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
This course examines developmental, behavioural, emotional, and social disorders in childhood. Those considered include autism, mental disability, conduct disorders, childhood depression, fears and anxieties, problems in social relationships, and health-related problems. Students explore the implications of various models for understanding the definitions, origins, and treatments of disorders.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 201, 2780-2790 or 2510, and 3520
Three hours a week

3710 ADVANCED STATISTICS
A more advanced course in applied statistics as used by behavioural scientists in designing and analyzing experiments and field studies. The major concentration of the course is analysis of variance and linear regression. In addition students are introduced to a variety of topics in multivariate statistics, including multiple regression and correlation, discriminant analysis, Hotelling’s T2 and multivariate analysis of variance.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790. Students majoring in areas other than psychology may enrol provided they have completed an introductory statistics course
Three hours a week, two hours a week laboratory
NOTE: Psychology 3710 and Mathematics 3120 may not be double credited without the permission of the Dean and the Chair of the Department in which the second credit is being sought.

3740 ADVANCED QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
The purpose of this course is to help students gain a theoretical, practical and critical understanding of qualitative research methodology, and to teach skills for the execution of research projects based upon qualitative data. Qualitative research is research that focuses upon understanding, rather than predicting or controlling phenomena. Nine different paradigms of qualitative research methodology, their implications, and applications, are examined in this course. These paradigms are: data display, grounded theory, phenomenology, ethnography, psychobiography and historiography, psychoanalytic approaches, narrative psychology, hermeneutics and textual deconstruction, and social constructivism. Political and ethical issues are also highlighted in order to problematize and promote more critically informed inquiry.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790
Lecture/Tutorial: Three hours a week

3810 HUMAN LEARNING AND MEMORY
This course provides a survey of contemporary approaches to the problem of human learning and memory. It involves an examination of theories and research relating to the structure and content of human memory, information encoding, and retrieval processes. A variety of related topics including mental imagery, mnemonics, the structure of intelligence tests, and the effects of drugs on memory may also be included. Laboratory exercises will involve work with human subjects.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790. Students who do not have Psychology 2780-2790, but do have equivalent statistics research methods courses may enrol with permission of the instructor.
Three hours a week class, two hours a week laboratory

3820 COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
This course examines recent developments in cognitive psychology with special emphasis on the study of thinking, problem solving and decision making. Its topics include theories and research in inductive and deductive reasoning, information processing approaches to thinking and problem solving, and the implications of the cognitive perspective for our understanding of intelligence, creativity and mental development. A lab will provide students with the opportunity to perform problem solving demonstrations, test representative phenomena, analyze their own data, and examine the results in terms of current theories.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790 or 2510
Three hours a week class

3830 PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
This course reviews the psychology of language from the perspectives of sensation, perception, cognition, and interpersonal processes. Topics include the nature of speech production and perception, the nature of grammatical and lexical knowledge, semantics and pragmatics, language acquisition, the social bases of human communication, and computer systems for language understanding.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790 or permission of instructor
Three hours a week class, one hour a week laboratory

3850 CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY
This course investigates how culture shapes human thought, behaviour, and the field of psychology broadly. The course begins with discussion of theoretical foundations and research methods in cultural psychology, followed by the application of a cultural perspective to psychological concepts including: self and identity, relationships, development, morality and justice, emotions, cognition, and physical and psychological health. Lectures, discussion, and in-class assignments challenge students to consider the sizeable impact of culture on human life.
Cross-listed with Diversity and Social Justice Studies 3840.
PREREQUISITES: When taken as a psychology credit, Psychology 1010-1020, and 2780-2790 or 2510. When taken as a DSJS credit, prerequisites are a 1000-level DSJS course and at least one other DSJS course at the 2000+ level.

3860 BUDDHIST PSYCHOLOGY
Buddhist philosophy engages with a range of issues that are central to modern psychological research and practice including the mind, cognition, emotion, motivation, and therapeutic practice. Buddhism also intersects with a range of theoretical traditions that continue to inform psychology from phenomenology and existentialism to qualitative inquiry and neurophysiology. This course will focus on those intersections and attempt to articulate exciting ways to shape the future of psychological inquiry.  Throughout this course students will encounter both theoretical attempts to integrate Buddhism and psychological practice as well as practical activities designed to strengthen the connection between these different forms of inquiry.
PREREQUISITE:  Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790 or 2510, or permission of instructor
Three hours a week

3910 PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN
This course will focus on women’s development throughout the life span. Topics will include: views of the nature of women, biological influences, the socialization process and its consequences at the individual, interpersonal relationship, and societal levels, as well as recent alternative views of the psychology of women.
Cross-listed with Diversity and Social Justice Studies 3910.
PREREQUISITE: When taken as a Psychology credit, Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790, 2510 or permission of the instructor. When taken as a Diversity and Social Justice Studies credit, a 1000-level DSJS course and at least one other DSJS course at the 2000+ level, or permission of the instructor.
Three hours a week

3930 HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
This course examines how psychological, social, and biological factors interact to influence health and illness. Students explore the systematic application of psychology to health promotion and maintenance, illness prevention and treatment, the determinants of health and illness, health care systems, and health policy.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790 or 2510
Three hours a week

3950 GENDER AND VIOLENCE
This course investigates the role of gender in violence and abuse. Adopting a critical perspective, the course considers the limitations of mainstream social constructions of forms of gender-based violence. Topics for consideration may include offenses such as domestic violence, stranger and acquaintance rape, sexual assault, and sexual harassment. The course also explores how traditional, heteronormative understandings of domestic violence may fail to reflect accurately the experience of violence in GLBT relationships. Consideration is given to the psychological consequences of victimization, as well as to how societal institutions could better address the needs of both victims and offenders.
Cross-listed with Diversity and Social Justice Studies 3950 and Family Science 3950.
PREREQUISITES: When taken for Psychology credit, Psychology 1010-1020, and 2780-2790 or 2510. When taken for DSJS credit, a 1000-level DSJS course and at least one other DSJS course at the 2000+ level.  For students taking the course as FSC 3950, FSC 3810 as a co-requisite or prerequisite

4030 ISSUES IN DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (offered in alternating years)
This is an advanced course in drugs and behaviour focusing primarily on issues of developmental differences in drug action and drug effects. Because many drug effects are determined by the maturity of the brain, some time is spent on developmental aspects of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. A large part of the course focuses on factors which determine, or contribute to, developmental deficits/effects consequent to early (pre-and perinatal) drug exposure. Within this developmental framework, current pharmacological models, and debates surrounding pharmacological-based causes and treatments of disorders, such as hyperactivity and Alzheimer’s disease, are discussed.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2120, 2780-2790 and permission of instructor. Students who do not have Psychology 2780-2790, but do have equivalent statistics research methods courses may enrol with permission of the instructor.
Three hours a week

4041 CAREER AND COMMUNITY APPLICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY III
This is the third in a series of three one-semester-hour courses, spread over three years, in which psychology majors explore interactions between themselves, psychological theory and research, and their opportunities for education, career, and community engagement. Core concepts in developmental psychology, emerging adulthood, and identity are considered. Students investigate the relevance of their personal strengths, challenges, values, and goals for:  success as a psychology major; effective preparation for possible post-degree education; employment opportunities following the Bachelor’s degree; careers in related fields requiring further study; careers requiring graduate study in psychology; and, applying psychology to make a positive difference in their communities and the broader world.
PREREQUISITE:  Psychology 1010-1020, 2041, 3041
One hour a week
NOTE:  Equivalent of one class hour per week, normally clustered into longer, less frequent classes

4042 ANIMAL COGNITION
What do animals think? Do they have emotions? Topics such as animal memory, numerosity, and communication, as well as more controversial topics such as animal emotions, morality, and empathy will be addressed in this course.  We will explore the developments in both Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience, that are revealing fascinating insights into the animal mind. An underlying perspective of the course is the theme of how our perceptions of the cognitive abilities of animals shapes our expectations and relationships with them and how this, in turn, impacts on both the questions we ask and our animal welfare practices.
Cross-level listed with VHM 8520
PREREQUISITES:  Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790, 3210, or permission of instructor. Students who do not have Psychology 2780-2790, but do have equivalent statistics research methods courses may enrol with permission of the instructor.
Three hours a week

4110 CONSCIOUSNESS
This course focuses on what is arguably the most profound issue to humankind: Consciousness. It is more than our experience of the world around us as compiled by the brain from various sense organs. Also compiled are nerve impulses from within that tell us about our body and our past. We use it to plan what we do both in the next few seconds and for as far ahead as we can envision a future. Consciousness is what and who we are. Until the 1990’s the word was almost taboo in psychology – not used by respectable scientists. Yet as cognitive psychology burst forth in the 1970’s, the study of consciousness soon followed it into respectability, aided by ever more sophisticated methods of studying the brain. This course reviews the philosophical ideas that preceded and then accompanied the science. It examines the current state of what we know about the operations of the brain that produce consciousness.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790 or 2510, and permission of instructor
Three hours a week

4120 MUSIC COGNITION
This course focuses on the mental processes underlying music perception, performance and composition. Following a discussion of basic hearing mechanisms, students examine research on perception of musical elements (e.g., tone, interval, triad, harmony and rhythm) and then proceed to broader issues (e.g., musical memory, meaning, aesthetics and intelligence). Music cognition is also compared to other kinds of cognition. Students conduct experimental research.
NOTE: While students with musical background would be especially interested in this course, there is no need for prior formal training or knowledge of music.
Cross-listed with Music 4120.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790 or permission of instructor
Three hours a week class, one hour a week laboratory

4130 PSYCHOLOGY OF SOCIAL CLASS
This course explores the role that social stratification plays in human thought, behaviour and experience. It studies the history of social stratification and the relatively recent emergence of a class based society. It examines some of the ways that psychologists and other social scientists have integrated social class into their work. A rigorous interrogation of everyday experiences of economic injustice is central to this course. Topics may include the way that social class intersects with a range of identity categories, classism, poverty, inequality, commodity fetishism, and consumer society.
Cross-listed with Diversity and Social Justice Studies 4130.
PREREQUISITE:  Psychology 1010-1020, 2020 and 2780-2790, or 2510, or Permission of Instructor.  If taking DSJS 4130, the prerequisites are at least 3rd year standing and at least 2 DSJS courses.
Three hours a week

4310 DIRECTED STUDIES
These courses may take at least two different forms: (1) Directed Readings in Psychology, (2) Directed Research in Psychology.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790 and permission of instructor
Three hours a week

Directed Readings is a course of supervised readings for individual students on advanced or specialized topics. Selected topics in the student’s area of interest are submitted to and discussed with a faculty member. Reading will involve critical evaluation of the literature. Students will be evaluated on the basis of either oral or written performance.

Directed Research provides an opportunity for students, with the help of a faculty supervisor, to design and carry out research in Psychology. Students will be expected to write up their study according to the accepted format for publication. This course is recommended for students who intend to do post-graduate work in Psychology.

NOTE: Students should meet with a professor in the Psychology Department well in advance of registration to discuss the nature, design and content of the course. No one will be allowed to register for the course unless he/she has made arrangements with a professor in the Department. In accordance with present Senate regulations, no student shall take a total of more than 12 semester hours of Directed Studies courses in any one Department. (See Academic Regulation #9 for regulations governing Directed Studies).

4320 SPECIAL TOPICS
Special Topics are courses offered by individual members of the Psychology faculty, or visiting instructors, which provide advanced instruction in specialized areas of study, and supplement the general program of courses in Psychology.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790 and permission of the instructor.
Students may receive repeated credit for 4320 so long as the course topic varies.
Three hours a week

4350 GENDER AND SEXUALITY
This course provides a critical examination of gender and sexuality. It explores the individual, interpersonal, and societal constructions of gender and sexuality within varying biological, cultural, and historical contexts; and uses psychological theory and research to analyze experiences and representations of gender and sexuality.
Cross-listed with Diversity and Social Justice Studies 4350.
PREREQUISITE: When taken as a Psychology credit, Psychology 1010-1020, 2420, 2780-2790, one of 3010, 3020, 3910, or 3920, OR permission of the instructor. When taken as a Diversity and Social Justice Studies credit, DSJS 1090, a 1000-level DSJS course and at least one other DSJS course at the 2000+ level, OR permission of the instructor.
Three hours a week seminar

4410 EXISTENTIAL – PHENOMENOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
This is an inquiry into a psychology of the experience of the person. This part of the course is an attempt to understand the personal world through a critical examination of the problems of becoming a person in our time. The approach to be taken is problem-centred with the person as a focal point. Each student is encouraged to formulate questions by which his/her inquiry will be guided. Extensive reading lists on existential themes will be provided. Possible topics include alienation, values, meanings, and identity.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2220, 2780-2790, 2510 or permission of instructor.
Enrolment is limited

4530 HUMAN SERVICES: INTEGRATING THEORY AND PRACTICE
This course focuses on the connections between theories about human behaviour, cognition, and emotion, and the experience of clients and workers in human service settings. Students participate in service provision at an assigned agency and independently study and write about theoretical perspectives in psychology relevant to their field placement. Discussions include ethical issues in human services.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790 or 2510 and permission of instructor
One hour a week class, three to four hours field placement

4610 PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
This course provides an introduction to the theory and practice of psychological assessment with an emphasis on psychometric issues. The major approaches within the process are examined within multiple contexts such as clinical, school, and forensic settings. Students also gain experience in the application of fundamental assessment-related skills such as active listening, interviewing, and test administration.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790, 3520, and permission of the instructor
Three hours a week

4620 PSYCHOTHERAPY
This course provides an introduction to the theory and practice of psychological treatment of mental health problems. In addition to learning about the dominant contemporary approaches to psychotherapy, students are expected to continue to build on the fundamental skills introduced in Psychology 461 as they relate to psychotherapy.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010-1020, 2780-2790, 3520, 4610 and permission of instructor
Three hours a week

4630 CRITICAL ISSUES FOR CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY
This course focuses on some of the fundamental assumptions and questions in contemporary psychology. It begins with a discussion of psychological methods as forms of social practice, and the resulting product/knowledge of these practices as situated within a socio-historical context. We then discuss the importance of metaphor, and language in general, for psychological description and explanation, and the historicity this language displays. These issues lead to a review of the most foundational challenge to contemporary psychology: its reception of and reaction to postmodernism. This includes readings and discussion on social constructionist thought, feminist epistemologies, critical psychology, hermeneutics, and qualitative (vs. quantitative) research. The last portion of the course is devoted to student seminars, where students select a topic from class discussion and develop a presentation.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 1010 & 1020; 2780 & 2790 or 2510
NOTE: Psychology 2020 or 3020 is strongly recommended.
Three hours a week

4720 SOCIAL JUSTICE IN PSYCHOLOGY
This course examines the praxis (practice and theory) of social justice through psychologies of liberation and decolonization. The focus is on a critical understanding of radical moments of theorizing and action and will examine psychologies created to resist broad social systems of colonization and control. Students interrogate contemporary issues of inequity embedded within systems of privilege and how these systems create as much as reflect psychological phenomena.
Cross-listed with Diversity and Social Justice Studies 4720.
PREREQUISITES: When taken as a Psychology credit, Psychology 1010-1020, and 2780-2790 or 2510, at least one course from Psychology 3330 or Psychology 3910, or permission of the instructor. When taken as a Diversity and Social Justice Studies credit, minimum of 3rd year standing and at least 3 DSJS courses.
Three hours a week

HONOURS COURSES

4800 HONOURS LITERATURE REVIEW
Under the supervisor’s direction, the student seeks out and studies reports of previous research and theoretical essays that relate to the conducting of a research project for an Honours degree in Psychology. Evaluation is based on the student’s written review of the literature.
PREREQUISITE: Acceptance into the Psychology Honours Program.
Six semester hours of credit

4810 ORIGINS AND CONTEXTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL THOUGHT AND PRACTICE
The focus for this course is the evolution of various contemporary psychological concepts and practices, and provide students with an opportunity for critical reflection on the role historical, social, and cultural contexts have on these. It begins with a general introduction to the intersection of psychology, historiography, and philosophy of science. Students learn about the development of Psychology in North America and Europe as characterized by their various methods and theories. Discussions range across topics from all areas of Psychology, and may include: the history of statistics, mental testing, psychotherapy, gender, and consciousness.  Students are encouraged to reflect upon the implications of these discussions for their areas of Honours research. Debates over how current research should proceed with regard to these topics are also addressed. Course enrollment is restricted to Psychology Honours students. Completion of PSY 3020 is recommended but not required.
Note: This course does not meet any psychology area requirement, and does not meet the requirement for taking a 4000-level course.
PREREQUISITE:  Acceptance into the Psychology Honours Program.
3 semester hours of credit

4900 HONOURS THESIS
This is a course that offers selected students the opportunity to conduct a research project and to write a thesis on that subject under the direction of a faculty supervisor. The topic of this project is established through consultation with one or more faculty members who have agreed to supervise the student in pursuing an Honours degree. The thesis is to be written in the professional format specified by the Canadian Psychological Association. The thesis is evaluated by a committee of at least three faculty members including the student’s supervisor.
PREREQUISITE: Psychology 4800
Six semester hours of credit