http://upei.ca/chemistry

Chemistry Faculty

Michael T.H. Liu, Professor Emeritus
Barry Linkletter, Associate Professor, Chair
Rabin Bissessur, Professor
Nola Etkin, Professor
Brian D. Wagner, Professor
Marya Ahmed, Associate Professor
Jason Pearson, Associate Professor
Fabrice Berrue, Adjunct Professor
Richard Bethell, Adjunct Professor
Christopher Cartmell, Adjunct Professor
J. Regis Duffy, Adjunct Professor
Christopher Kirby, Adjunct Professor
Stephanie MacQuarrie, Adjunct Professor
Douglas Marchbank, Adjunct Professor
John Riley, Adjunct Professor
Marianne Rodgers, Adjunct Professor

Accreditation received by the Canadian Society for Chemistry National Board for the Chemistry Major and Honours Program.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

For all courses with both laboratory and lecture components, credit will be granted only if satisfactory standing in both of these components has been obtained.

REQUIREMENTS FOR A MAJOR IN CHEMISTRY

Students pursuing a Bachelor of Science degree with a major in Chemistry must take at least 48 semester hours of chemistry in total and must at the same time complete certain courses as specified by the major requirements.

The required Chemistry courses are: Chemistry 1110-1120, Chemistry 2210, Chemistry 2410-2420, Chemistry 2310, Chemistry 2720, Chemistry 3220, Chemistry 3310, Chemistry 3420, Chemistry 3530, Chemistry 3610, Chemistry 3740, Chemistry 4820 OR 4830 and two Chemistry electives, at least one of which is at the 4th year level.

Additional course requirements for the Chemistry major include the following courses from other disciplines: Biology 1310-1320, Mathematics 1910, Mathematics 1920 and Mathematics 2910; Physics 1110-1120 (highly recommended) or Physics 1210-1220. As well, students majoring in Chemistry are advised to take Physics 2120 (Electricity, Magnetism, and Circuits).

(NOTE: As per Academic Regulation #1 h), all undergraduate degree programs require successful completion of IKE-1040, one of UPEI-1010, 1020 or 1030, and a Writing Intensive Course.)   

All programs of study of students declared as Chemistry majors must be approved by the Chair of the Department. An outline of the Chemistry major requirements in the suggested sequence for their completion is given below, but deviations from it are permitted provided that the pertinent prerequisites are fulfilled.

First Year
Chemistry 1110-1120 General Chemistry I and II
Biology 1310-1320 General Biology I and II
Physics 1110-1120 (highly recommended) or 1210-1220 General Physics
Mathematics 1910-1920 Single Variable Calculus I and II
Electives (6 semester hours)

Second Year
Chemistry 2210 Analytical Chemistry
Chemistry 2410-2420 Organic Chemistry I & II
Chemistry 2310 Physical Chemistry I
Chemistry 2720 Inorganic Chemistry I
Mathematics 2910 Multivariable and Vector Calculus
Electives (9 semester hours)

Third Year
Chemistry 3220 Analytical Instrumentation
Chemistry 3310 Physical Chemistry II
Chemistry 3420 Advanced Organic Chemistry
Chemistry 3610 Organic Spectroscopy
Chemistry 3740 Inorganic Chemistry II
Electives (15 semester hours)

Fourth Year
Chemistry 3530 Biochemistry
Chemistry 4820 Advanced Research Project OR 4830 Advanced Chemistry Laboratory
Chemistry Electives
Electives 15 or 18

*The total number of electives depends on whether Chemistry 4820 (6 credits) or Chemistry 4830 (3 credits) is taken to fulfill the fourth year laboratory requirement. The Chemistry electives may be chosen from the Chemistry courses numbered: 2020, 2820, or any 4th year Chemistry course. At least one of the electives must be a 4th year course.

REQUIREMENTS FOR A MINOR IN CHEMISTRY

Students may obtain a degree with a minor in Chemistry by successfully completing the following courses:

Chemistry 1110 and 1120
Chemistry 2210
Chemistry 2310
Chemistry 2720
AND
Chemistry 2020 and 2430
OR
Chemistry 2410 and 2420

With permission of the chair, one of the above courses may be replaced with one of Chemistry 3220, 3310, 3420, 3610 or 3740.

REQUIREMENTS FOR HONOURS IN CHEMISTRY

The Honours Program in Chemistry is designed to provide research experience at the undergraduate level within the BSc program. It is available to students with a strong academic background who intend to continue studies at the post-graduate level in Chemistry or some related field, or to students who intend to pursue a career where research experience would be an asset.

The Honours Program differs from the major in requiring a two-semester research course with thesis report, in the requirement of 126 semester hours for the degree and in the requirement of an additional five advanced Chemistry courses.  (NOTE: As per Academic Regulation #1 h), all undergraduate degree programs require successful completion of IKE-1040, one of UPEI-1010, 1020 or 1030, and a Writing Intensive Course.)   

The following are the course requirements for the Honours Program in Chemistry:

First Year
Chemistry 1110-1120 General Chemistry I and II
Biology 1310-1320 General Biology I and II
Physics 1110-1120 (highly recommended) or 1210-1220 General Physics
Mathematics 1910-1920 Introductory Calculus I and II
Electives (6 semester hours)
Total 32 semester hours

Second Year
Chemistry 2210 Analytical Chemistry
Chemistry 2410-2420 Organic Chemistry I & II
Chemistry 2310 Physical Chemistry I
Chemistry 2720 Inorganic Chemistry I
Mathematics 2910 Multivariable and Vector Calculus
Electives (9 semester hours)
Total 28 semester hours

Third Year
Chemistry 3220 Analytical Instrumentation
Chemistry 3310 Physical Chemistry II
Chemistry 3420 Advanced Organic Chemistry
Chemistry 3530 Biochemistry
Chemistry 3610 Organic Spectroscopy
Chemistry 3740 Inorganic Chemistry II
Chemistry elective (3 semester hours)
Mathematics elective (3 semester hours)
Electives (6 semester hours)
Total 30 semester hours

Fourth Year
Chemistry 4320 Methods in Computational Chemistry
Chemistry 4410 Physical Organic Chemistry
Chemistry 4670 Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis OR Chemistry 4680 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry
Chemistry 4900 Honours Thesis
Chemistry electives (6 semester hours)
Electives (9 semester hours)
Total 36 semester hours

The Chemistry electives may be chosen from among Chemistry courses numbered: 2020, 2820, or any 4th year Chemistry course. The Mathematics elective may be chosen from Mathematics 2610, 3010, Statistics 1210 or Statistics 2910 in consultation with the Chair. As well, students in the Honours Program in Chemistry are strongly advised to take Physics 2120 (Electricity, Magnets, Circuits) and/or Physics 3120 (Electromagnetism I).

Honours students should note that Chemistry 4900 is a two- semester course and carries twelve semester hours of credit. No credit for the first semester will be granted without successful completion of the second semester of the course.

For admission to the Honours Program, students must have a minimum average of 70% in all previous courses; normally the Department expects high second-class standing or first-class standing in previous Chemistry courses. Permission of the Department is also required and is contingent on the student finding an Honours Advisor, on being assigned an advisory committee, on acceptance of the research project by the Chemistry Department, and on general acceptability. Students interested in doing Honours should consult with the Department Chair as early as possible and not later than March 31 of the student’s third year.

To graduate with a BSc Honours in Chemistry, students must complete 126 semester hours of credit which meet the required courses outlined above. As well, students must attain a 75% average in all Chemistry courses combined and must achieve a minimum overall average of 70% in all courses submitted for the degree. Students failing to meet the Honours requirements may apply for a transfer to the BSc Chemistry Major Program or to other degree programs.

CO-OP EDUCATION IN CHEMISTRY 

The UPEI Co-op Program is an integrated approach to university education which enables students to alternate academic terms on campus with work terms in suitable employment. The success of such programs is founded on the principle that students are able to apply theoretical knowledge from course studies in the workplace and return to the classroom with practical workplace experience. Students who successfully complete all the requirements of the program will have the notation entered on their transcripts and on the graduation parchment.

Students accepted into the program, complete at least three paid work terms of normally 14 weeks duration, and three professional development courses. Credits earned through completion of work terms are counted as general electives.

The Co-op option is available to full-time students in the Chemistry Major or Honours program.  Applications to the Co-op Education Program are normally made after completion of the first year of study.

See the Co-operative Education Program section of the UPEI Academic Calendar for more information.

Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology

This program combines practical and applied courses provided by the Bioscience Technology diploma program at Holland College with strong theoretical science courses at the University of Prince Edward Island. It is designed for students interested in obtaining a rigorous and broad training in biotechnology, such as gaining experience in research, laboratory procedures and safety, scientific ethics, and regulatory affairs, while increasing access to post-graduate opportunities (e.g. Master’s degree programs). Students are provided with foundational science courses as well as senior specialized courses in the life sciences at the university level to complement the strong hands-on technical training acquired during the college diploma program. On-the-job training is provided for all students.

There are two paths into this program, so students can either start at Holland College or UPEI, and end up with the same articulated degree. The technical lab-based content is covered at Holland College in the Bioscience Technology diploma program, either during the first two years of the degree (for students who start at Holland College; Path 1) or in year 3 (for students who start at UPEI; Path 2).

(NOTE: As per Academic Regulation #1 h), all undergraduate degree programs require successful completion of IKE-1040, one of UPEI-1010, 1020 or 1030, and a Writing Intensive Course.)   

Path 1, starting at Holland College (‘2+2’):
If students have received a Bioscience Technology diploma and achieved a minimum 70% average at Holland College, they are eligible to apply to UPEI for formal entry into the BBT degree program. Once accepted to UPEI, students will undertake a rigorous program of 20 courses, 13 of which will be required, 3 will be upper level science electives, and 4 will be general electives. Once accepted, students are subject to all of the Academic Regulations of the University.

Path 2, starting at UPEI (‘2+1+1’):
Students apply to start at UPEI in the Faculty of Science directly out of high school, following standard application procedures at UPEI. Once accepted, students undertake one year of science courses similar to a first year biology or chemistry student (8 required courses, 2 electives). Then students apply to Holland College to do the Bioscience Technology diploma program by the deadline of May 1st. Once accepted, they complete their second year of science at UPEI (7 required courses, 3 electives), and then one full year at Holland College in the Bioscience Technology diploma program (includes 2 intersessions). Students then finish back at UPEI in their final year (4 required courses, 3 upper level science electives, 3 general electives).

For students who already have received a Bioscience Technology diploma, the recommended sequence of courses for the 2 years of Path 1 at UPEI is:

Year 1, Semester 1 at UPEI:
Chemistry 2430 – Organic Chemistry for Life Sciences
Chemistry 2210 – Analytical Chemistry
Mathematics 1120 – Calculus for the Managerial, Social, and Life Sciences
Physics 1210 – Physics for the Life Sciences I
One Humanities or General Elective

Year 1, Semester 2 at UPEI:
One of UPEI 1010 or 1020 or 1030; AND IKE 1040 AND One Writing Intensive Course
Biology 2210 – Cell Biology
Chemistry 3530 – Biochemistry
Physics 1220 – Physics for the Life Sciences II
One Humanities or General Elective

Year 2, Semester 1 at UPEI:
Biology 3260 – Introduction to Physiology of Cells and Organisms
Statistics 1210 – Introductory Statistics
One Science Elective at the 3000 level
One Science Elective at the 4000 level
One Humanities or General Elective

Year 2, Semester 2 at UPEI:
Biology 3220 – Introduction to Bioinformatics
Biology 4710 – Molecular Biotechnology
Chemistry 3220 – Analytical instrumentation
One Science Elective at the 3000 or 4000 level
One Humanities or General Elective

For students who have not received a Bioscience Technology diploma, the recommended sequence of courses for the 4 years of Path 2 is:

Year 1, Semester 1 at UPEI:
Biology 1310 – Introduction to Cell and Molecular Biology
Chemistry 1110 – General Chemistry I
Mathematics 1120 – Calculus for the Managerial, Social, and Life Sciences
Physics 1210 – Physics for the Life Sciences I
One Humanities or General Elective

Year 1, Semester 2 at UPEI:
Biology 1320 – Introduction to Organisms
Chemistry 1120 – General Chemistry II
Physics 1220 – Physics for the Life Sciences II
One of UPEI 1010 or 1020 or 1030; AND IKE 1040 AND one Writing Intensive Course
One Humanities or General Elective

Year 2, Semester 1 at UPEI:
Biology 2210 – Cell Biology
Chemistry 2430 – Organic Chemistry for Life Sciences
Statistics 1210 – Introductory Statistics
One Science Elective
One Humanities or General Elective

Year 2, Semester 2 at UPEI:
Biology 2060 – Microbiology
Biology 2230 – Genetics
Chemistry 2310 – Physical Chemistry I
Chemistry 3530 – Biochemistry
One Humanities or General Elective

Intersession between years 2 and 3 at Holland College:
Chemistry 1200 – Introduction to Chromatography
Biology 1310 – Immunology

Year 3, Semester 1 at Holland College:
Bios 2000 – Analytical Techniques in Bioscience
Bios 2100 – Industrial Bioproducts: Production and Purification
Biology 2300 – Cell Culturing
Biology 2310 – Molecular Biology
Mathematics 2000 – Calculus
Bios 2300 – Research Preparation: Bioscience Technology

Year 3, Semester 2 at Holland College:
Bios-2010 – Ethics and Professional Practice
Chemistry 2300 – Advanced Biochemistry
Bios-2050 – Research Project: Bioscience Technology

Intersession between years 3 and 4 at Holland College:
Bios 2310 – Research Project: Bioscience Technology

Year 4, Semester 1 at UPEI:
Biology 3260 – Introduction to Physiology of Cells and Organisms
One Science Elective at the 3000 level
One Science Elective at the 4000 level
Two General Electives

Year 4, Semester 2 at UPEI:
Biology 3220 – Introduction to Bioinformatics
Biology 4710 – Molecular Biotechnology
Chemistry 3220 – Analytical instrumentation
One Science Elective at the 3000 or 4000 level
One General Elective

NOTES REGARDING 1000-LEVEL CHEMISTRY COURSES

Chemistry 1110-1120 are introductory courses required for, but not restricted to, Chemistry Majors and Honours. A combined average of at least 60% is a prerequisite for all Chemistry courses above the 1000 level. However, this course prerequisite may also be met by the successful completion of a qualifying examination to be offered each year on the first Tuesday after Labour Day. This examination, which shall cover material from both is open to those who have passing grades for both Chemistry 1110 and 1120, but who do not have a combined average of at least 60%. To be admitted to Chemistry courses above the 1000 level, students must achieve a score of 65% on the qualifying examination. The score on the qualifying exam will not replace those attained in Chemistry 1110 and 1120, nor shall it be factored into any calculation of grades for graduation, scholarships or other purposes. This course prerequisite may also be waived with the permission of the Chair for individual courses. This 60% combined average regulation does not apply to students who have received credit for Chemistry 1110-1120 prior to the 2007-2008 academic year.

MINOR IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

A student will obtain a minor in Biotechnology by successfully completing 21 semester hours of courses drawn from required BIOT courses and approved electives.  *NOTE:  This Minor is not an option for students in the Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology program.

1. Required Courses:
   BIOT 1020 Field Studies in Biotechnology on PEI
   BIOT 2020 Case Studies in Biotechnology
2. One of:
   BIOT 4820 Experiential Learning Project in Biotechnology, or
   BIOT 4830 Advanced Biotechnology Laboratory OR an approved Biotechnology-related Research course or honours project, or a UPEI Co-op Program work placement also Biotechnology-related and approved by the biotechnology program).
3. Twelve (12) semester hours (4 courses) chosen from the list below, with no more than six semester hours of these within one discipline.

Approved electives that may be used towards the Biotechnology Minor:

Biology 2230 Genetics I
Biology 2210 Cell and Molecular Biology
Biology 2060 Microbiology
Biology 2250 Human Biochemistry
Biology 3230 Genetics II
Biology 3520 Molecular Biology Research Techniques
Biology 4040 Endocrinology
Biology 4710 Molecular Biotechnology
Biotechnology 4610: Special Topics in Biotechnology
Chemistry 2210 Analytical Chemistry
Chemistry 2420 Organic Chemistry II
Chemistry 2430 Organic Chemistry for the Life Sciences
Chemistry 2310 Physical Chemistry I
Chemistry 3530 Biochemistry
Chemistry 4810-1 Special Topics — Medicines from the Sea
Chemistry 3220 Analytical Instrumentation
Chemistry 4090 Biomaterials
Computer Science 3220/Biology 3220 Introduction to Bioinformatics
Foods and Nutrition 3020 Advanced Foods
Foods and Nutrition 4120 Human Metabolism
Physics 2210 Modern Physics
Physics 2010 Waves and Oscillations
Physics 3420 Introduction to Medical Physics
Physics 3520 Biomedical Imaging
Physics 3610 Solid State Physics
Physics 3910 Radiation Detection and Measurement
Physics 4140 Optics and Photonics
Science 3010 Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Science

Approved Holland College Offerings (Letter of Permission required)
BIOS-1200 Laboratory Techniques
BIOL-1315 Theoretical and Applied Immunology

Many of the above-listed courses have prerequisites. For example, many of these courses that are 2000-level and above, require 1000-level introductory courses in Biology, Chemistry, or Physics, and may have additional 2000-level or 3000-level prerequisites. Students are advised to plan ahead accordingly.

BIOTECHNOLOGY COURSES

BIOT 1020 FIELD STUDIES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY ON PEI
This course employs Prince Edward Island’s unique concentration of companies engaged in the research, development, and commercialization of biotechnologies as an “operating laboratory” for developing an awareness and understanding of the techniques and processes, challenges, and solutions involved in Biotechnology of the 21st century. Through a series of field trips, students will examine first-hand how bioscience industries on the Island employ common biotechnology processes and how they apply them to solve different problems. There will be required writing exercises associated with each field trip. Students taking this course will attain a foundational layer of transferrable skills via competency-building written exercises, comprehensive experiential learning of biotechnologies across different working environments, and engagement with a pool of industry leaders.
Three lecture hours plus three field trip hours per week

BIOT 2020 CASE STUDIES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
This course develops critical thinking around research problems in Biotechnology through a series of case studies. Students will examine and solve research problems in biotechnology. Material for the case studies will be drawn from biotechnology industries generically and from local industries, increasing in complexity as the semester progresses. Students will build competencies in Biotechnology methods and techniques, develop the ability to see alternative approaches, and develop problem solving and critical thinking skills.
PREREQUISITE:  BIOT 1020 – Must be taken either prior to or at the same time as this course
Three lecture hours per week

BIOT 4610 SPECIAL TOPICS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
A course in which topics or issues in biotechnology are explored outside the core area.
Three lecture hours per week

BIOT 4820 EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING PROJECT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
This practical course offers students the opportunity to apply their knowledge and skills to working on and researching a problem in biotechnology. Students will work under the supervision of an industry mentor or/and a faculty member with a connection to local industry. Students are required to write a report describing the work and give an oral presentation on the work where academic and industry experts will be present.
PREREQUISITE:  BIOT 2020
Note:  Minimum six hours per week

BIOT 4830 ADVANCED BIOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
A capstone laboratory course designed to enhance relevant skills of students who are interested in continuing their career in industry, e.g. a pharmaceutical company or a biotech start-up, or are taking the Biotechnology Minor. Students will select and carry out a number of short projects which are developed by faculty members in the various areas of Biotechnology. Students will be evaluated on their development of experimental procedures based on the biotechnology literature, scientific record-keeping, and preparation of reports.
PREREQUISITE:  BIOT 2020 – must be taken prior to this course
Six hours laboratory and one hour seminar per week

CHEMISTRY COURSES

0001 INTRODUCTION TO THE ESSENTIALS OF CHEMISTRY
This non-credit course is designed primarily for students needing an introduction to chemical principles, as preparation for first year chemistry. Basic chemical principles are introduced in relation to everyday applications, including industry and the environment. Topics include: matter and energy; elements and atoms; nomenclature and chemical reactions; electron arrangements in atoms; chemical quantities and calculations; acids and bases; and gases. Classes will be augmented by laboratory demonstrations. This course is required for those students planning to take Chemistry 1110 and who do not have Grade 12 Academic Chemistry.

1110 GENERAL CHEMISTRY I
This course emphasizes the fundamentals of chemistry. Topics include: atoms, molecules and ions; stoichiometry; mass relations; gases and their behaviour; electronic structure and the periodic table; covalent bonding and molecular geometry; and thermochemistry. The laboratory associated with this course stresses stoichiometry, qualitative analysis, atomic spectroscopy and thermochemistry.
PREREQUISITE: Grade XII Chemistry, Chemistry 0010 or the permission of the Chair in special cases
Three lecture hours a week; one three-hour laboratory period or tutorial a week

1120 GENERAL CHEMISTRY II
This course continues the subject matter of Chemistry 1110. Topics include: chemical equilibrium, acids and bases, intermolecular forces, solutions, chemical kinetics, entropy and Gibbs energy, redox equations and electrochemistry. The laboratory associated with this course stresses volumetric analysis, titration curves and chemical kinetics.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 1110
Three lecture hours a week; one three-hour laboratory period or tutorial a week

2020 ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
This course deals with the major topics of concern in environmental chemistry. Emphasis is placed on the chemistry involved, as well as assessment of the relative hazards and corrective methods available to provide abatement. Topics covered include: atmospheric free radical chemistry, the green- house effect, stratospheric ozone, tropospheric chemistry and photochemical smog, the chemistry of natural water systems, acid rain, indoor air quality, sewage and waste management, chlorinated organic compounds, and heavy metals in the environment.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 1110
Three lecture hours a week & three laboratories during the term (scheduled during the first class)

2210 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
The treatment of analytical data and the estimation of experimental error are considered in detail. Chemical equilibrium, rate and equilibrium constants, abundance and titration curves, complexometric and redox reactions are discussed. The Beer-Lambert law and colorimetry are also examined. The laboratory work includes a selection of gravimetric, volumetric and colorimetric techniques relevant to the theory discussed.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 1120
Three lecture hours and four laboratory hours a week

2310 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I
This is an introductory course that deals with the topics of kinetic theory, introductory thermodynamics and thermo- chemistry, phase diagrams, conductivity, electrochemistry and introductory reaction kinetics. The latter includes first- and second-order reactions, as well as methods for dealing with the kinetics of complex reaction mechanisms.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 1120, Mathematics 1910-1920, or Mathematics 1120 with permission of the Chair
Three lecture hours and three hours laboratory a week

2410 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
This course introduces students to the structure and reactivity of hydrocarbons and functional groups, stereochemistry, aromaticity, nucleophilicity and electrophilicity, basic types of organic reactions and the application of spectroscopy to structure elucidation.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 1120
Three lecture hours and three hours laboratory a week
NOTE: Credit cannot be obtained for both Chemistry 2410 and Chemistry 2430.

2420 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
This course provides a detailed examination of reactivity and mechanisms of organic reactions, including nucleophilic substitution, elimination, addition, electrophilic aromatic substitution, reactions of carbonyl compounds, and rearrangements. Some multistep synthesis and polymers (including biopolymers) are also discussed.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 2410
Three lecture hours and three laboratory hours a week
NOTE: Credit cannot be obtained for both Chemistry 2420 and Chemistry 2430.

2430 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR THE LIFE SCIENCES
This course is an introduction to organic chemistry for students in the life sciences (and others who do not intend to pursue a major in chemistry). Topics covered include the structure and reactivity of hydrocarbons and functional groups, stereochemistry, aromaticity, nucleophilicity and electrophilicity. Basic types of reactions discussed include nucleophilic substitution, elimination, addition, oxidation/reduction and reactions of carbonyl compounds.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 1120
Three lecture hours and three hours laboratory a week
NOTE: Credit cannot be obtained for both Chemistry 2430 and Chemistry 2410 or 2420.

2720 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
This course introduces transition metals and their coordination compounds. Topics include: isomerism, stereochemistry, crystal field theory and HSAB theory. The course also examines specific reactions such as ligand substitution, oxidative addition, reductive elimination, and insertion reactions. Other topics include: symmetry, point groups, symmetry in spectroscopy, as well as an introduction to bioinorganic chemistry.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 1120
Three lecture hours and four laboratory hours a week

2820 INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
This course introduces students to some of the basic skills required in planning and reporting scientific research. It includes electronic searching of the literature, planning and design of experiments, analysis of experimental data, assessment of experimental error, scientific proof, ethics in research, scientific publications, social media, and scientific presentations.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 1120
Three lecture hours a week

3220 ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION
This course introduces a variety of instrumentation techniques, and examines the theory, advantages and limitations associated with each. Topics include UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy, operational components of spectrophotometers; electro- analytical methods, potentiometric methods, ion-specific electrodes, voltammetry, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, spreadsheet methods and statistical software.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 2210 and Chemistry 3610 or permission of the Chair
Three lecture hours and four laboratory hours a week

3310 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II
This course is an introduction to quantum mechanics and spectroscopy for chemists. Topics covered include blackbody radiation, the photoelectric effect, diffraction, particle in a box, rigid rotor, harmonic oscillator and hydrogen atom in detail. The course will also explore the interaction of light with matter and applications to rotational, vibrational and electronic spectroscopy.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 2310 with a minimum of 60% and Mathematics 2910, or permission of the Chair
Three lecture hours and three hours laboratory a week

3420 ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
This course addresses the application of structure elucidation and synthetic methods to organic chemistry. Topics covered include: enolates, enamines, functional group interconversion, polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic compounds, cycloadditions, rearrangements, multistep syntheses, and natural product synthesis.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 2410/2420 with a combined minimum average of 60% and Chemistry 3610
Three lecture hours and four laboratory hours a week

3530 BIOCHEMISTRY
This course is an introduction to biochemistry. Topics covered include the structure and function of biomolecules and their building blocks; protein structure; enzyme mechanism and kinetics; cell membrane structure and transmembrane signalling; thermodynamics of metabolism and an overview of the major metabolic pathways; DNA replication, transcription and translation of RNA for protein synthesis. The tutorial portion of the course focuses on the physical and chemical properties of proteins and enzymes. Students learn modern biochemistry techniques including ion-exchange and affinity chromatography, spectroscopy and enzyme assays.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 2420 or Chemistry 2430
Three lecture hours and two hours tutorial a week
NOTE: Students will not get credit for both Biology-2250 and Chemistry-3530

3610 SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS IN STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
This course examines ultraviolet, visible, infrared and n.m.r. spectroscopy and mass spectrometry in terms of the physical processes responsible for the energy absorption and ion generation. Problems associated with the recording and interpretation of spectra are addressed and the application of spectral analysis to structural identification is stressed.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 2410/2420 with a combined minimum average of 60%
Three lecture hours and three hours laboratory a week

3740 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
This course examines the descriptive inorganic and organometallic chemistry of the main group elements and their compounds. Topics include: periodic trends in reactivity, structure and physical properties. Emphasis will be on molecular chemistry, but there will be some coverage of solid-state compounds such as borane clusters, silicates and aluminosilicates. The course also introduces the crystal structure of metallic and ionic solids, as well as band theory.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 2720 with a minimum of 60% and Chemistry 3610 must be taken at least concurrently.
Three lecture hours and three hours laboratory a week

4050 ADVANCED STUDIES IN NMR SPECTROSCOPY
This course covers the use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometry used in the determination of structures in Organic and Inorganic Chemistry. Major topics include the theory and use of NMR spectroscopy, in particular the use of 2D experiments and multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy. Particular emphasis is placed on developing the students’ ability to interpret spectra and elucidate the structure of a molecule based on this evidence beyond the undergraduate level, as well as the role NMR has played as a structural tool in the pharmaceutical industry and academia.
Cross-level listed with MMS 8050.
PREREQUISITE:  Chemistry 3610 with a minimum of 60%
3 hours credit

4090 BIOMATERIALS
This course covers the fundamentals of the synthesis, properties, and biocompatibility of metallic, ceramic, polymeric, and biological materials that come in contact with tissue and biological fluids. Emphasis is placed on using biomaterials for both hard and soft tissue replacement, organ replacement, coatings and adhesives, dental implants, and drug delivery systems. New trends in biomaterials and the recent merging of cell biology and biochemistry with materials is examined.
Cross-level listed with MMS 8090.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 3420
3 hours credit

4140 MARINE NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY
The overall goal of the course is to provide a description of the structures and biosynthetic origins of natural products of marine origin. The main classes of natural products will be reviewed with an emphasis on their biological origin as a tool to understanding structures. The biomedical relevance of marine natural products will be discussed along with special topics lectures on such themes as “From lead compound to FDA approval” and “Development of a natural product drug lead”. Additional lectures on biological screening and metabolomics as modern tools in drug discovery, and chromatographic purification of natural products will round out the discussions.
Cross-level listed with MMS 8140.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 2410 or Chemistry 2430
3 hours credit

4320 METHODS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY
In this class we will review the theoretical foundations of quantum mechanics as well as undergo practical investigations of real-world chemical problems using modern quantum chemical software. Topics include methods in first principles simulations such as Hartree-Fock, perturbation theory, configuration interaction, coupled cluster and density functional theories in addition to more approximate methods such as semi-empirical approaches and molecular mechanics force fields.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 3310 with a minimum of 60%
Three lecture hours a week

4410 PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
This course examines the qualitative and quantitative relationships between the rates and mechanisms of organic reactions, and the electronic and physical structures of reactants. Among the topics considered are: theory and applications of inductive and resonance effects, linear free energy relationships, kinetic isotope effects, solvent effects, steric effects in substitution and elimination reactions, acids and bases and pericyclic reactions, applications of semi-empirical and ab initio molecular orbital calculations.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 3420 with a minimum of 60%
Three lecture hours a week

4610-4620 DIRECTED STUDIES IN CHEMISTRY
These courses may be offered at the discretion of the Department to advanced students. Conditions under which they are offered and entry will be subject to the approval of the Chair of the Department and the Dean of Science.
(See Academic Regulation 9 for Regulations Governing Directed Studies.)

4640 POLYMER CHEMISTRY
This course examines the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic polymers. Topics include: ionic, radical and condensation polymerizations, as well as the newer catalytic methods.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 2410/2420 with a combined minimum average of 60%
Three lecture hours and a one-hour laboratory a week

4670 INORGANIC REACTION MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS
Inorganic reaction mechanisms are discussed, with an emphasis on catalytic cycles and the application of organometallic compounds to synthesis. Topics include: basic inorganic reaction mechanisms, catalytic cycles and catalysis, application of organometallic chemistry to modern industrial synthesis and polymerization reactions, and chirality and enantioselectivity in catalysis. Fundamental concepts will be supplemented with material from the current literature to explore the broad range of interdisciplinary applications of inorganic and organometallic catalysts.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 3740 with a minimum of 60%
Three lecture hours a week

4680 ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
This course deals with advanced topics in Inorganic Chemistry. Topics include: bioinorganic chemistry, green chemistry, solid state inorganic chemistry and advanced coverage of molecular orbital theory and bonding in transition metal and main group complexes. This course will also introduce advance spectroscopic techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy and multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy. The current literature is explored to illustrate the broad range and interdisciplinary nature of inorganic chemistry.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 3740 with a minimum of 60%
Three lecture hours a week

4690 MATERIALS CHEMISTRY
This course discusses current topics in materials chemistry. Topics include the synthesis and characterization of intercalation compounds, conductive polymers and their applications, semiconductors and their applications, defects in inorganic solids, and transport measurements.
Cross-level listed with MMS 8690.
PREREQUISITE: Chemistry 2410/2420 with a combined minimum average of 60%, 3310, 3740 with a minimum of 60% in these courses
Three lecture hours a week

4810 SPECIAL TOPICS
A course in which topics or issues are explored outside the core area.

4820 ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECT
A laboratory research course designed to review, unify, and augment the content of previous chemistry courses and to provide an introduction to chemical research. Students will abstract and adapt procedures from the chemical literature and apply them in a one-semester research project carried out under the supervision of a Faculty Member. Components in the evaluation include a written thesis and its oral presentation.
PREREQUISITES: All Chemistry courses of a 3000 level or lower which are required for the Chemistry Major program must be completed or taken concurrently. Entry to this course is contingent upon the student finding a departmental faculty member willing to supervise the research and permission of the department.
Twelve hours laboratory a week (minimum)
Six semester hours of credit

4830 ADVANCED CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
A capstone laboratory course designed to integrate and augment the content of previous chemistry courses in organic, in- organic, physical and analytical chemistry. Students will select and carry out a number of short projects which are developed by faculty members in the various areas of Chemistry. Students will be evaluated on their development of experimental procedures based on the chemical literature, scientific record-keeping, and preparation of reports.
PREREQUISITES: All Chemistry courses of a 3000 level or lower which are required for the Chemistry Major program must be completed or taken concurrently.
Six hours laboratory and one hour seminar a week

4900 HONOURS RESEARCH AND THESIS
This course is a laboratory course focused on a project of original research. The course carries twelve semester hours of credit and is required of every Honours student in their final year of undergraduate study. The project is designed during the second semester of the prior year and intensive experimental work is conducted during the final year, for a minimum average of twelve hours per week, under the direction of an advisor and an advisory committee. The research results are reported in thesis format and are presented orally to the Department faculty and students.
PREREQUISITE: Acceptance to the Honours Program
Twelve semester hours of credit