{"id":164,"date":"2024-02-02T17:31:23","date_gmt":"2024-02-02T17:31:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/calendar.upei.ca\/future\/chapter\/indigenous-studies-2\/"},"modified":"2026-04-27T14:14:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T14:14:52","slug":"indigenous-studies-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/calendar.upei.ca\/current\/chapter\/indigenous-studies-2\/","title":{"raw":"Indigenous Knowledge, Education, Research and Applied Studies (IKERAS)","rendered":"Indigenous Knowledge, Education, Research and Applied Studies (IKERAS)"},"content":{"raw":"<strong>Indigenous Knowledge, Education, Research and Applied Studies (IKERAS)<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDr. Angelina Weenie, Dean\r\nElder\/Dr. Judy Clark, Elder in Residence\r\nDr. Corinne Chappell, Sessional Instructor; Advisor to the Vice President, Academic and Research\r\nWilliam Bourque, Assistant Professor\r\nBradley Cooper, Sessional Instructor\r\nNeil Forbes, Assistant Professor\r\nDoris Googoo, Lecturer\r\nKarla Green, Assistant Professor\r\nDawne Knockwood, Sessional Instructor\r\nAlicia Muttart, Administrative Assistant\r\nErin Reid, Assistant Professor\r\nAlaina Roach-O\u2019Keefe, Sessional Instructor\r\nElder Tiffany Sark, Sessional Instructor\r\nBarbara Smith, Sessional Instructor\r\nLori St. Onge, Sessional Instructor\r\nDavid Varis, Assistant Professor\r\nMorgan Varis, Sessional Instructor\r\n\r\nThe Bachelor of Arts with a Major in Indigenous Studies is distinguished by its focus on land-based education and traditional in-person learning. Students will gain new skills and knowledge which will support greater levels of proficiency in addressing Indigenization, decolonization, and reconciliation.\u202f The program responds to the need to learn about the diverse cultures and societies of Indigenous peoples, their histories, languages, and cultures. It supports the TRC Call to Action #63 which refers to \u201cBuilding student capacity for intercultural understanding, empathy, and mutual respect.\u201d Article 13 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, states, \u201cIndigenous peoples have the right to revitalize, use, develop, and transmit to future generations their histories, languages, oral traditions, philosophies, writing systems, and literatures.\u201d This program aims to teach critical aspects of Indigeneity and provides opportunity for UPEI students to engage with a Major in Indigenous Studies, or a minor in Indigenous Studies.\r\n\r\n<em><strong>Note: New Major Approved as of Winter 2026.<\/strong><\/em>\r\n\r\n<strong>REQUIREMENTS FOR A MAJOR IN INDIGENOUS STUDIES<\/strong>\r\nA major is complete when a student has successfully completed a minimum of 42 hours of credit in Indigenous Studies (14 courses) of which a minimum of 9 hours (3 courses) must be at least at the 3000 level, and 9 hours (3 courses) must be at the 4000 level.\r\n\r\n15 credit hours\/5 core courses that must be taken to achieve a major include:\r\n\u2022 IKE 1040 Indigenous Teachings of Turtle Island\r\n\u2022 IKE 2000 IKERAS Foundations\r\n\u2022 IKE 2020 Indigenous Peoples of Canada\r\n\u2022 IKE 3062 Introduction to Indigenous Knowledge and Worldviews\r\n\u2022 IKE 3066 Introduction to Indigenous Research Methodologies\r\n\r\nAt least one of the following 4th year land-based or experiential learning courses, which would serve as a capstone course:\r\n\u2022 IKE 4096 Applied Indigenous Justice\r\n\u2022 IKE4210 Gijituaqasin: On the Land\r\n\u2022 IKE 4240 Ika\u2019taquey: Indigenous Gardening and Meditative Practices\r\n\u2022 IKE 4410 Indigenous Territories Use-and- Occupancy Research Methods\r\n\r\nMinimum 9 credit hours\/3 courses from Indigenous Languages and Cultures:\r\n\r\n\u2022 IKE 2010 Mi\u2019kmaq Language I\r\n\u2022 IKE 2042 Introduction to Music, Film and Art\r\n\u2022 IKE 2046 Indigenous Literature\r\n\u2022 IKE 2110 M\u00e9tis Culture, History, and Governance\r\n\u2022 IKE 2220 Beadwork: The Symbols of Indigenous Cultural Resilience and Value\r\n\u2022 IKE 2230 Mi\u2019kmaq of Eastern Canada\r\n\u2022 IKE 3010 Mi\u2019kmaw Language II\r\n\u2022 IKE 3221 Mi\u2019kmaq Spiritualities\r\n\u2022 IKE 3350 Storytelling and Wabanaki Legends\r\n\r\nMinimum 9 credit hours\/3 courses from Colonialism, Decolonization, and Indigenous Self- Governance:\r\n\u2022 IKE 2052 Indigenous Resistance and Decolonizing\r\n\u2022 IKE 2055 Introduction to the Indian Act\r\n\u2022 IKE 2320 Wabanaki Confederacy\r\n\u2022 IKE 2800 Indigenous Laws in Contemporary Society\r\n\u2022 IKE 3056 Indigenous Peoples and Justice\r\n\u2022 IKE 3340 Wabanaki Peace and Friendship Treaties\r\n\u2022 IKE 3410 Canadian treaties and Self Government Agreements\r\n\u2022 IKE 4096 Applied Indigenous Justice\r\n\r\nMinimum 6 credit hours\/2 courses from Land, Water, and Environment:\r\n\u2022 IKE 2030 Indigenous Knowledge and Climate Change\r\n\u2022 IKE 2060 Mi\u2019kmaq Foodways\r\n\u2022 IKE 3065 Indigenous Health, Healing, and Wellness\r\n\u2022 IKE 4210 Gijituaqasin: On the Land\r\n\u2022 IKE 4240 Ika\u2019taquey: Indigenous Gardening and Meditative Practices\r\n\u2022 IKE 4520 Islands of Indigeneity\r\n\r\n<strong>REQUIREMENTS FOR A MINOR IN INDIGENOUS STUDIES\r\n<\/strong>A Minor in Indigenous Studies consists of twenty-one (21) semester hours of IKE credit.\r\n\r\nThe four core courses that must be taken to achieve a minor include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>IKE 1040 Indigenous Teachings of Turtle Island<\/li>\r\n \t<li>IKE 2000 IKERAS Foundations<\/li>\r\n \t<li>IKE 2020 Indigenous Peoples of Canada<\/li>\r\n \t<li>IKE 3062 Introduction to Indigenous Knowledge and Worldviews<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn addition, students must select three IKERAS elective courses.\u00a0 Not all elective courses are offered every year.\r\n<h1><strong>COURSES<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n1040 INDIGENOUS TEACHINGS OF TURTLE ISLAND\r\nWith respect to the traditional and unceded territory of Epekwitk (PEI) and Mi\u2019kma\u2019ki, this course is an introduction to the three groups of Indigenous peoples recognized in Canada.. Anchored in Indigenous knowledges, students will learn about ceremonyies, protocols, traditionls and cultures.This course further introduces Canada's history of colonization and cultural assimilation policies. These will help to begin fostering an understanding of Indigenous worldviews and fulfill the University of Prince Edward Island\u2019s commitment to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission\u2019s Calls to Action.\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n2000 IKERAS FOUNDATIONS\r\nThis course is based on the foundations that led to the creation of the IKERAS Faculty.\u00a0 The formation of the Faculty of Indigenous Knowledge, Education, Research and Applied Studies (IKERAS) is grounded in three prime documents; the 2015 Truth and Reconciliation Commissions (TRC) 94 Calls to action, the 2019 231 Calls to Justice by the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) and the 2018 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP).\u00a0 Students will learn the importance of each document and why they represent the cornerstones to reconciliation.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n2010 MI'KMAQ LANGUAGE I\r\nThis course is intended for students with no proficiency in the language. This course introduces the Mi\u2019kmaq language, through the study of pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. It includes numerous oral drills, frequent written exercises, short oral presentations and simple readings. The objectives are to improve listening comprehension and fundamental vocal expressiveness.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 None\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n2020 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN CANADA\r\nStudents will be introduced to the historical and contemporary social, economic, legal and political perspectives of First Nations, Inuit, and M\u00e9tis peoples in Canada. Using anthropological and sociological theories and scholarly work, as well as \u2018experiencing\u2019 cultural practices through \u2018community connections\u2019 and visual culture, the primary focus will be to develop a student's understanding of and respect for Indigenous peoples in Canada.\r\nCross-listed with Sociology\/Anthropology 2220.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n2030 INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND CLIMATE CHANGE\r\nCross-listed with <a href=\"https:\/\/calendar.upei.ca\/future\/chapter\/applied-climate-change-and-adaptation#ACC2030\">ACC2030<\/a>.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 None\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n2042 INTRODUCTION TO INDIGENOUS MUSIC, FILM, AND ART\r\nStudents will be introduced to the evolution of Music, Film, and Art of Indigenous First Nations, Inuit, and M\u00e9tis peoples in Canada. Students will develop an understanding of how these works represent spiritual and living narratives, how these were shaped, and continue to be shaped, thus defining the lives of Indigenous peoples in Canada.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 None\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n2046 INDIGENOUS LITERATURE\r\nThis course is a survey of Indigenous literatures, written by Indigenous people. This course begins with a brief examination of the period commonly referred to as Native Literary Renaissance, followed by an exploration of modern literature from a variety of 21st century Indigenous authors. The course is designed to introduce storytelling rooted in Indigenous perspectives and traditions of a diverse array of First Nations, M\u00e9tis and Inuit authorships. Students will analyze recent works which have reached a mainstream literary audience for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous readers, academic and non-academic readers alike, and why this is significant to Canadian society.\r\nPREREQUISITE: IKE 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n2052 INDIGENOUS RESISTANCE AND DECOLONIZING\r\nStudents will be introduced to how colonialism has caused and continues to cause irreparable harm to Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in Canada and throughout the world. The harm permeates all relations including our animals and plants, our planet (Mother Earth), and those elements that sustain life. Students learn about the Indigenous warrior spirit which has risen to resist the on-going colonial and post-colonial hegemony. Students will understand the complexities and work of decolonizing by which resistance takes shape and hold in a time when all relations need it most.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n2055 INTRODUCTION TO THE INDIAN ACT\r\nStudents will be introduced to the Indian Act which has dominated, impacted and shaped the lives of Indigenous peoples in Canada since its inception in 1876. Students will develop an understanding of the purpose of the Act, and how through its many amendments it continues to serve as an apparatus of power and control over all aspects of Indigenous peoples\u2019 lives. This course will examine why this discriminatory framework is not so easily abolished and will challenge students thinking about broader issues of much needed change within colonial institutions.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 None\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n2060 MI'KMAQ FOODWAYS\r\nFood is a central element in Indigenous livelihoods. The storage, processing, preparation, and transportation of Mi'kmaq food is a critical component of this course.\u00a0 There will be a hands-on opportunity to prepare contemporary Mi'kmaq recipes and concurrently learn cultural teachings about food and its use in ceremonies.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 None\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n2110 M\u00c9TIS CULTURE, HISTORY AND GOVERNANCE\r\nThis course will provide an overview of M\u00e9tis identity, culture, Language(s), history and governance. M\u00e9tis ethnogenesis will be explored to build awareness that M\u00e9tis does not simply mean, \u201cmixed.\u201d Grounded in authentic teachings, students will be immersed in perspectives and understandings unique to M\u00e9tis. Academic research will support accurate, authentic narratives of historical and contemporary issues that have shaped who M\u00e9tis are, the distinct history and resilience as a people and a Nation.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n2220 BEADWORK: THE SYMBOLS OF INDIGENOUS CULTURAL RESILIENCE AND VALUE\r\nThis course will explore how beadwork symbolized Indigenous perseverance in the aftermath of colonization and the residential school system. The course will examine the importance of beadwork both before and after European contact. The course will investigate how beading plays a vital role in restoring cultural ties and spiritual belief and how it continues to be significant in demonstrating Indigenous resiliency as well as highlighting the diverse cultural value of Indigenous peoples. The student will learn beading techniques along with the histories of Mi\u2019kmaq beading and storytelling across Turtle Island.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n2230 THE MI\u2019KMAQ OF EASTERN CANADA\r\nThis is an ethnological-style course examining traditional Mi\u2019Kmaq culture and how it has evolved historically. It introduces students to L\u2019nu cultural practices about the body, food, traditional medicines, religion, politics, and the natural world.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n2320 WABANAKI CONFEDERACY\r\nThis course covers the Tribes of the East Coast of the United States and Canada that formed a political\/military alliance to support each other during the French Indian Wars. It situates them in their tribal lands and examines some notable individuals and their accomplishments. Relevant legislation that affects them will be covered.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n2800 INDIGENOUS LAWS IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY\r\nThis course explores Indigenous law and constitutionalism, the impacts of colonization on Indigenous laws and its ongoing legitimization in contemporary society. This course will examine how Indigenous legal traditions are articulated through decolonizing approaches such as drawing out of Indigenous historic knowledge systems based on Indigenous worldviews. It also examines how these laws can be applied at a time of transitioning to self-governance and practicing self-determination. What will be learned is how Indigenous laws\r\ndiffer from western laws; how to understand the Indigenous constitutionalism as an Indigenous governance framework; how to engage with Indigenous stories and articulate their legal principles; and how Indigenous laws can be applied in Indigenous contemporary settings by examining their spaces for their ongoing\r\napplication and practices.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n3010 MI\u2019KMAW LANGUAGE II\r\nThis course continues learning from IKE 2010 allowing the student to build on both their vocabulary and understanding both written and oral.\u00a0 This course requires a significant amount of time dedicated to assignments and application of the language.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 2010\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n3020 Indigenous Child Welfare\r\nThis course will explore: the history of Indigenous child welfare in Canada; the transfer of Federal responsibility to provinces in 1951; the reasoning for the 60\u2019s Scoop, Millennial Scoop, and overrepresentation in the child welfare system; the TRC\u2019s first five \u201cCalls to Action\u201d; Bill C-92; western perspectives that have been forced upon Indigenous families; the importance of ceremony and the connection to Indigenous values and; returning to the circle of Indigenous ways of being\r\nPREREQUISITE: IKE 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n3030 The Fur Trade\r\nThis course will explore the two major Fur Trading companies (the Northwest Company and the Hudson\u2019s Bay Company) and their impact on M\u00e9tis, First Nations, and Inuit. Students will examine how Rupert\u2019s Land evolved, contributing to the ethnogenesis of the M\u00e9tis\r\nPREREQUISITE: 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n3056 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND JUSTICE\r\nStudents will be introduced to how colonialism perpetuates inequality of Indigenous peoples and results in their over-representation in the criminal justice system, now referred to as \u2018the new residential schools in contemporary Canadian society\u2019 and other unjust systems in Canada.\u00a0 Students will understand the systemic issues that prevent the fair and equitable treatment of Indigenous peoples despite measures that are intended to curb the rise of their incarceration. An examination of social justice and criminological theories will be of benefit to students interested in understanding inequities in larger systems beyond criminal justice, and potential pathways to end this disturbing reality.\r\nPREREQUISITES:\u00a0 IKE 1040, and one 2000-level IKE course\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n3062 INTRODUCTION TO INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND WORLDVIEWS\r\nThis course introduces Indigenous ways of knowing through active participation. Students will be introduced to ceremonies, worldview, creation stories and other narrative forms of knowing. By taking part in basic ceremonies and related practices, students will obtain knowledge of how some Indigenous people connect to each other, the land, their relations and the world.\r\nPREREQUISITE: IKE 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n3065 INDIGENOUS HEALTH, HEALING, AND WELLNESS\r\nGrounded in a post-colonial theory that examines historical and contemporary social, economic, legal, and political impacts of colonialism, students will be introduced to the determinants of Indigenous peoples' health in Canada, while cultivating a deeper understanding of the presence of coloniality in major institutions including health care, prisons, and the child welfare system. Students will further develop an understanding of approaches to health and healing that resonate with Indigenous peoples through the writings from Indigenous leaders, knowledge holders, artists, activists, clinicians, researchers, students, and youth while engaged in a collective examination of well-being from multiple perspectives. Students will be able to distill and articulate why health is one of the most significant issues that define the lives of First Nations, Inuit, and M\u00e9tis peoples in Canada while gaining practical insights and applied knowledge about combating coloniality and transforming systems in Canada through a decolonizing lens.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u202f IKE 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n3066 INTRODUCTION TO INDIGENOUS RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES\r\nStudents will be introduced to the foundations of Indigenous Research Methodologies which are grounded in the principles of \u2018for and by Indigenous Peoples\u2019, which emphasizes techniques and methods from traditional Indigenous knowledges and worldviews. Students will understand quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, and important concepts of ownership, control, access, and possession as well as duty to consult. Students will understand that Indigenous research methodologies are a powerful tool for social change as they are relational, inclusive and participatory in nature.\r\nPREREQUISITES:\u00a0 IKE 2000\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n3090 SPECIAL TOPICS COURSE\r\nTopics or issues explored outside of existing courses.\u00a0 Special topics offered by the Faculty of Indigenous, Knowledge, Education, Research and Applied Studies.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 None\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n3221 MI\u2019KMAQ SPIRITUALITIES\r\nThis course provides insight into L'nu spiritualities by examining Mi\u2019kmaq creation stories, including smudging, fasting, pipe ceremonies, sharing circles, and sweat lodges, powwow drumming and dancing. It will also examine evolution and modern-day manifestations of hybrid Mi'kmaq Catholicism.\r\nPREREQUISITE: IKE 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n3340 WABANAKI PEACE &amp; FRIENDSHIP TREATIES\r\nThis course examines the chain of treaties commencing in the State of Maine between the Abenaki and English in Massachusetts, moving along the Eastern Seaboard into the Maritimes of Canada, involving Wabanaki Tribes and the British Crown. It will include the preceding conflicts, resolutions, and key players.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n3350 STORYTELLING AND WABANAKI LEGENDS\r\nLegends and oral traditions provide a deep connection to place and identity. One of the ways that Traditional Ecological Knowledges or Indigenous Territories are passed down is through oral tradition. This course is based on Wabanaki stories and legends about the land and its inhabitants.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n3410 CANADIAN TREATIES AND SELF-GOVERNMENT AGREEMENTS\r\nThis course is a survey of Treaties in Canada. This includes pre-confederation treaties with First Nations, numbered treaties with First Nations, modern treaties which include land claims and self-governing treaties or agreements with Inuit and the M\u00e9tis.\r\nPREREQUISITES: IKE 2000\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\nIKE 4010 Louis Riel and the Red River and North-West Resistances\r\nThis course examines the life of Louis Riel and his involvement and leadership with the Red River Resistance and the North-West Resistance. Students will develop an understanding of the complexities of the life of Riel, his role in Canadian history, and his passion for the M\u00e9tis.\r\nPREREQUISITE: IKE 2110\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n4040 Urban Indigenous Peoples of Canada\r\nThis course will examine the systemic issues shaping the lives of Canada\u2019s urban Indigenous people. Students will develop an understanding of the complexities that are currently impacting urban Indigenous identity, language, culture, health, and rights.\r\nPREREQUISITE: IKE 1040 or equivalent\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n4090 INDIGENOUS SPECIAL TOPICS\r\nIndigenous issues in Canada. Students will undertake a thorough and independent examination of a topic of interest with an opportunity to present their research findings to stakeholders in ways that respond to the TRC Calls to Action and advance reconciliation in Canada.\r\nPREREQUISITES:\u00a0 IKE 1040, One IKE 2000 level course and two IKE 3000 level courses\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n4096 APPLIED INDIGENOUS JUSTICE\r\nStudents will study various justice systems where Indigenous justice is being applied such as the Courts, federal and provincial corrections, and sentencing circles. This course will see students gain valuable and practical analytical and writing skills which can be applied to future careers in a variety of settings in ways that respond to the TRC Calls to Action and advance reconciliation in Canada. The format will be a combination of lecture and workshops.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 3056\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n4210 GIJITUAQASIN: ON THE LAND\r\nThis is an experiential land-based field course connecting students to Mother Earth utilizing a two-eyed seeing approach.\u00a0 Elders and Knowledge-keepers will provide guidance to the students during this intensive course.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n4240 IKA\u2019TAQUEY: INDIGENOUS GARDENING &amp; MEDITATIVE PRACTICES\r\nBeing mindful on the land provides a deep connection to Mother Earth. This is a hands-on experiential course where students learn and practice being present and mindful while growing a summer Mi\u2019Kmaq garden.\r\nPREREQUISITES:\u00a0 IKE 1040 and permission of the instructor\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n4410 INDIGENOUS TERRITORIES USE-AND-OCCUPANCY RESEARCH METHODS\r\nThis course utilizes Indigenous Methodologies and Research Methods to design and collect data for projects based on a land use-and-occupancy method called Biographic Mapping. The course has a learning-experiential component in the field and instructors will coordinate the course with Elders and Knowledge-Keepers from the region.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 3066\r\nThree semester hours of credit\r\n\r\n4520 ISLANDS OF INDIGENEITY\r\nIslands have traditionally been represented in a multitude of ways, for instance as warm-water tourism destinations, quiet retreats from the mainland and nature reserves, amongst others.\u00a0 This course examines\r\nislandness utilizing Indigenous worldviews.\r\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040\r\nThree semester hours of credit","rendered":"<p><strong>Indigenous Knowledge, Education, Research and Applied Studies (IKERAS)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dr. Angelina Weenie, Dean<br \/>\nElder\/Dr. Judy Clark, Elder in Residence<br \/>\nDr. Corinne Chappell, Sessional Instructor; Advisor to the Vice President, Academic and Research<br \/>\nWilliam Bourque, Assistant Professor<br \/>\nBradley Cooper, Sessional Instructor<br \/>\nNeil Forbes, Assistant Professor<br \/>\nDoris Googoo, Lecturer<br \/>\nKarla Green, Assistant Professor<br \/>\nDawne Knockwood, Sessional Instructor<br \/>\nAlicia Muttart, Administrative Assistant<br \/>\nErin Reid, Assistant Professor<br \/>\nAlaina Roach-O\u2019Keefe, Sessional Instructor<br \/>\nElder Tiffany Sark, Sessional Instructor<br \/>\nBarbara Smith, Sessional Instructor<br \/>\nLori St. Onge, Sessional Instructor<br \/>\nDavid Varis, Assistant Professor<br \/>\nMorgan Varis, Sessional Instructor<\/p>\n<p>The Bachelor of Arts with a Major in Indigenous Studies is distinguished by its focus on land-based education and traditional in-person learning. Students will gain new skills and knowledge which will support greater levels of proficiency in addressing Indigenization, decolonization, and reconciliation.\u202f The program responds to the need to learn about the diverse cultures and societies of Indigenous peoples, their histories, languages, and cultures. It supports the TRC Call to Action #63 which refers to \u201cBuilding student capacity for intercultural understanding, empathy, and mutual respect.\u201d Article 13 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, states, \u201cIndigenous peoples have the right to revitalize, use, develop, and transmit to future generations their histories, languages, oral traditions, philosophies, writing systems, and literatures.\u201d This program aims to teach critical aspects of Indigeneity and provides opportunity for UPEI students to engage with a Major in Indigenous Studies, or a minor in Indigenous Studies.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Note: New Major Approved as of Winter 2026.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>REQUIREMENTS FOR A MAJOR IN INDIGENOUS STUDIES<\/strong><br \/>\nA major is complete when a student has successfully completed a minimum of 42 hours of credit in Indigenous Studies (14 courses) of which a minimum of 9 hours (3 courses) must be at least at the 3000 level, and 9 hours (3 courses) must be at the 4000 level.<\/p>\n<p>15 credit hours\/5 core courses that must be taken to achieve a major include:<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 1040 Indigenous Teachings of Turtle Island<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 2000 IKERAS Foundations<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 2020 Indigenous Peoples of Canada<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 3062 Introduction to Indigenous Knowledge and Worldviews<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 3066 Introduction to Indigenous Research Methodologies<\/p>\n<p>At least one of the following 4th year land-based or experiential learning courses, which would serve as a capstone course:<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 4096 Applied Indigenous Justice<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE4210 Gijituaqasin: On the Land<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 4240 Ika\u2019taquey: Indigenous Gardening and Meditative Practices<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 4410 Indigenous Territories Use-and- Occupancy Research Methods<\/p>\n<p>Minimum 9 credit hours\/3 courses from Indigenous Languages and Cultures:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 IKE 2010 Mi\u2019kmaq Language I<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 2042 Introduction to Music, Film and Art<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 2046 Indigenous Literature<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 2110 M\u00e9tis Culture, History, and Governance<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 2220 Beadwork: The Symbols of Indigenous Cultural Resilience and Value<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 2230 Mi\u2019kmaq of Eastern Canada<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 3010 Mi\u2019kmaw Language II<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 3221 Mi\u2019kmaq Spiritualities<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 3350 Storytelling and Wabanaki Legends<\/p>\n<p>Minimum 9 credit hours\/3 courses from Colonialism, Decolonization, and Indigenous Self- Governance:<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 2052 Indigenous Resistance and Decolonizing<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 2055 Introduction to the Indian Act<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 2320 Wabanaki Confederacy<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 2800 Indigenous Laws in Contemporary Society<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 3056 Indigenous Peoples and Justice<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 3340 Wabanaki Peace and Friendship Treaties<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 3410 Canadian treaties and Self Government Agreements<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 4096 Applied Indigenous Justice<\/p>\n<p>Minimum 6 credit hours\/2 courses from Land, Water, and Environment:<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 2030 Indigenous Knowledge and Climate Change<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 2060 Mi\u2019kmaq Foodways<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 3065 Indigenous Health, Healing, and Wellness<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 4210 Gijituaqasin: On the Land<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 4240 Ika\u2019taquey: Indigenous Gardening and Meditative Practices<br \/>\n\u2022 IKE 4520 Islands of Indigeneity<\/p>\n<p><strong>REQUIREMENTS FOR A MINOR IN INDIGENOUS STUDIES<br \/>\n<\/strong>A Minor in Indigenous Studies consists of twenty-one (21) semester hours of IKE credit.<\/p>\n<p>The four core courses that must be taken to achieve a minor include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>IKE 1040 Indigenous Teachings of Turtle Island<\/li>\n<li>IKE 2000 IKERAS Foundations<\/li>\n<li>IKE 2020 Indigenous Peoples of Canada<\/li>\n<li>IKE 3062 Introduction to Indigenous Knowledge and Worldviews<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In addition, students must select three IKERAS elective courses.\u00a0 Not all elective courses are offered every year.<\/p>\n<h1><strong>COURSES<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>1040 INDIGENOUS TEACHINGS OF TURTLE ISLAND<br \/>\nWith respect to the traditional and unceded territory of Epekwitk (PEI) and Mi\u2019kma\u2019ki, this course is an introduction to the three groups of Indigenous peoples recognized in Canada.. Anchored in Indigenous knowledges, students will learn about ceremonyies, protocols, traditionls and cultures.This course further introduces Canada&#8217;s history of colonization and cultural assimilation policies. These will help to begin fostering an understanding of Indigenous worldviews and fulfill the University of Prince Edward Island\u2019s commitment to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission\u2019s Calls to Action.<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>2000 IKERAS FOUNDATIONS<br \/>\nThis course is based on the foundations that led to the creation of the IKERAS Faculty.\u00a0 The formation of the Faculty of Indigenous Knowledge, Education, Research and Applied Studies (IKERAS) is grounded in three prime documents; the 2015 Truth and Reconciliation Commissions (TRC) 94 Calls to action, the 2019 231 Calls to Justice by the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) and the 2018 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP).\u00a0 Students will learn the importance of each document and why they represent the cornerstones to reconciliation.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>2010 MI&#8217;KMAQ LANGUAGE I<br \/>\nThis course is intended for students with no proficiency in the language. This course introduces the Mi\u2019kmaq language, through the study of pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. It includes numerous oral drills, frequent written exercises, short oral presentations and simple readings. The objectives are to improve listening comprehension and fundamental vocal expressiveness.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 None<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>2020 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN CANADA<br \/>\nStudents will be introduced to the historical and contemporary social, economic, legal and political perspectives of First Nations, Inuit, and M\u00e9tis peoples in Canada. Using anthropological and sociological theories and scholarly work, as well as \u2018experiencing\u2019 cultural practices through \u2018community connections\u2019 and visual culture, the primary focus will be to develop a student&#8217;s understanding of and respect for Indigenous peoples in Canada.<br \/>\nCross-listed with Sociology\/Anthropology 2220.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>2030 INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND CLIMATE CHANGE<br \/>\nCross-listed with <a href=\"https:\/\/calendar.upei.ca\/future\/chapter\/applied-climate-change-and-adaptation#ACC2030\">ACC2030<\/a>.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 None<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>2042 INTRODUCTION TO INDIGENOUS MUSIC, FILM, AND ART<br \/>\nStudents will be introduced to the evolution of Music, Film, and Art of Indigenous First Nations, Inuit, and M\u00e9tis peoples in Canada. Students will develop an understanding of how these works represent spiritual and living narratives, how these were shaped, and continue to be shaped, thus defining the lives of Indigenous peoples in Canada.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 None<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>2046 INDIGENOUS LITERATURE<br \/>\nThis course is a survey of Indigenous literatures, written by Indigenous people. This course begins with a brief examination of the period commonly referred to as Native Literary Renaissance, followed by an exploration of modern literature from a variety of 21st century Indigenous authors. The course is designed to introduce storytelling rooted in Indigenous perspectives and traditions of a diverse array of First Nations, M\u00e9tis and Inuit authorships. Students will analyze recent works which have reached a mainstream literary audience for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous readers, academic and non-academic readers alike, and why this is significant to Canadian society.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE: IKE 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>2052 INDIGENOUS RESISTANCE AND DECOLONIZING<br \/>\nStudents will be introduced to how colonialism has caused and continues to cause irreparable harm to Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in Canada and throughout the world. The harm permeates all relations including our animals and plants, our planet (Mother Earth), and those elements that sustain life. Students learn about the Indigenous warrior spirit which has risen to resist the on-going colonial and post-colonial hegemony. Students will understand the complexities and work of decolonizing by which resistance takes shape and hold in a time when all relations need it most.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>2055 INTRODUCTION TO THE INDIAN ACT<br \/>\nStudents will be introduced to the Indian Act which has dominated, impacted and shaped the lives of Indigenous peoples in Canada since its inception in 1876. Students will develop an understanding of the purpose of the Act, and how through its many amendments it continues to serve as an apparatus of power and control over all aspects of Indigenous peoples\u2019 lives. This course will examine why this discriminatory framework is not so easily abolished and will challenge students thinking about broader issues of much needed change within colonial institutions.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 None<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>2060 MI&#8217;KMAQ FOODWAYS<br \/>\nFood is a central element in Indigenous livelihoods. The storage, processing, preparation, and transportation of Mi&#8217;kmaq food is a critical component of this course.\u00a0 There will be a hands-on opportunity to prepare contemporary Mi&#8217;kmaq recipes and concurrently learn cultural teachings about food and its use in ceremonies.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 None<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>2110 M\u00c9TIS CULTURE, HISTORY AND GOVERNANCE<br \/>\nThis course will provide an overview of M\u00e9tis identity, culture, Language(s), history and governance. M\u00e9tis ethnogenesis will be explored to build awareness that M\u00e9tis does not simply mean, \u201cmixed.\u201d Grounded in authentic teachings, students will be immersed in perspectives and understandings unique to M\u00e9tis. Academic research will support accurate, authentic narratives of historical and contemporary issues that have shaped who M\u00e9tis are, the distinct history and resilience as a people and a Nation.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>2220 BEADWORK: THE SYMBOLS OF INDIGENOUS CULTURAL RESILIENCE AND VALUE<br \/>\nThis course will explore how beadwork symbolized Indigenous perseverance in the aftermath of colonization and the residential school system. The course will examine the importance of beadwork both before and after European contact. The course will investigate how beading plays a vital role in restoring cultural ties and spiritual belief and how it continues to be significant in demonstrating Indigenous resiliency as well as highlighting the diverse cultural value of Indigenous peoples. The student will learn beading techniques along with the histories of Mi\u2019kmaq beading and storytelling across Turtle Island.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>2230 THE MI\u2019KMAQ OF EASTERN CANADA<br \/>\nThis is an ethnological-style course examining traditional Mi\u2019Kmaq culture and how it has evolved historically. It introduces students to L\u2019nu cultural practices about the body, food, traditional medicines, religion, politics, and the natural world.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>2320 WABANAKI CONFEDERACY<br \/>\nThis course covers the Tribes of the East Coast of the United States and Canada that formed a political\/military alliance to support each other during the French Indian Wars. It situates them in their tribal lands and examines some notable individuals and their accomplishments. Relevant legislation that affects them will be covered.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>2800 INDIGENOUS LAWS IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY<br \/>\nThis course explores Indigenous law and constitutionalism, the impacts of colonization on Indigenous laws and its ongoing legitimization in contemporary society. This course will examine how Indigenous legal traditions are articulated through decolonizing approaches such as drawing out of Indigenous historic knowledge systems based on Indigenous worldviews. It also examines how these laws can be applied at a time of transitioning to self-governance and practicing self-determination. What will be learned is how Indigenous laws<br \/>\ndiffer from western laws; how to understand the Indigenous constitutionalism as an Indigenous governance framework; how to engage with Indigenous stories and articulate their legal principles; and how Indigenous laws can be applied in Indigenous contemporary settings by examining their spaces for their ongoing<br \/>\napplication and practices.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>3010 MI\u2019KMAW LANGUAGE II<br \/>\nThis course continues learning from IKE 2010 allowing the student to build on both their vocabulary and understanding both written and oral.\u00a0 This course requires a significant amount of time dedicated to assignments and application of the language.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 2010<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>3020 Indigenous Child Welfare<br \/>\nThis course will explore: the history of Indigenous child welfare in Canada; the transfer of Federal responsibility to provinces in 1951; the reasoning for the 60\u2019s Scoop, Millennial Scoop, and overrepresentation in the child welfare system; the TRC\u2019s first five \u201cCalls to Action\u201d; Bill C-92; western perspectives that have been forced upon Indigenous families; the importance of ceremony and the connection to Indigenous values and; returning to the circle of Indigenous ways of being<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE: IKE 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>3030 The Fur Trade<br \/>\nThis course will explore the two major Fur Trading companies (the Northwest Company and the Hudson\u2019s Bay Company) and their impact on M\u00e9tis, First Nations, and Inuit. Students will examine how Rupert\u2019s Land evolved, contributing to the ethnogenesis of the M\u00e9tis<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE: 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>3056 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND JUSTICE<br \/>\nStudents will be introduced to how colonialism perpetuates inequality of Indigenous peoples and results in their over-representation in the criminal justice system, now referred to as \u2018the new residential schools in contemporary Canadian society\u2019 and other unjust systems in Canada.\u00a0 Students will understand the systemic issues that prevent the fair and equitable treatment of Indigenous peoples despite measures that are intended to curb the rise of their incarceration. An examination of social justice and criminological theories will be of benefit to students interested in understanding inequities in larger systems beyond criminal justice, and potential pathways to end this disturbing reality.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITES:\u00a0 IKE 1040, and one 2000-level IKE course<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>3062 INTRODUCTION TO INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND WORLDVIEWS<br \/>\nThis course introduces Indigenous ways of knowing through active participation. Students will be introduced to ceremonies, worldview, creation stories and other narrative forms of knowing. By taking part in basic ceremonies and related practices, students will obtain knowledge of how some Indigenous people connect to each other, the land, their relations and the world.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE: IKE 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>3065 INDIGENOUS HEALTH, HEALING, AND WELLNESS<br \/>\nGrounded in a post-colonial theory that examines historical and contemporary social, economic, legal, and political impacts of colonialism, students will be introduced to the determinants of Indigenous peoples&#8217; health in Canada, while cultivating a deeper understanding of the presence of coloniality in major institutions including health care, prisons, and the child welfare system. Students will further develop an understanding of approaches to health and healing that resonate with Indigenous peoples through the writings from Indigenous leaders, knowledge holders, artists, activists, clinicians, researchers, students, and youth while engaged in a collective examination of well-being from multiple perspectives. Students will be able to distill and articulate why health is one of the most significant issues that define the lives of First Nations, Inuit, and M\u00e9tis peoples in Canada while gaining practical insights and applied knowledge about combating coloniality and transforming systems in Canada through a decolonizing lens.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u202f IKE 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>3066 INTRODUCTION TO INDIGENOUS RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES<br \/>\nStudents will be introduced to the foundations of Indigenous Research Methodologies which are grounded in the principles of \u2018for and by Indigenous Peoples\u2019, which emphasizes techniques and methods from traditional Indigenous knowledges and worldviews. Students will understand quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, and important concepts of ownership, control, access, and possession as well as duty to consult. Students will understand that Indigenous research methodologies are a powerful tool for social change as they are relational, inclusive and participatory in nature.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITES:\u00a0 IKE 2000<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>3090 SPECIAL TOPICS COURSE<br \/>\nTopics or issues explored outside of existing courses.\u00a0 Special topics offered by the Faculty of Indigenous, Knowledge, Education, Research and Applied Studies.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 None<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>3221 MI\u2019KMAQ SPIRITUALITIES<br \/>\nThis course provides insight into L&#8217;nu spiritualities by examining Mi\u2019kmaq creation stories, including smudging, fasting, pipe ceremonies, sharing circles, and sweat lodges, powwow drumming and dancing. It will also examine evolution and modern-day manifestations of hybrid Mi&#8217;kmaq Catholicism.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE: IKE 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>3340 WABANAKI PEACE &amp; FRIENDSHIP TREATIES<br \/>\nThis course examines the chain of treaties commencing in the State of Maine between the Abenaki and English in Massachusetts, moving along the Eastern Seaboard into the Maritimes of Canada, involving Wabanaki Tribes and the British Crown. It will include the preceding conflicts, resolutions, and key players.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>3350 STORYTELLING AND WABANAKI LEGENDS<br \/>\nLegends and oral traditions provide a deep connection to place and identity. One of the ways that Traditional Ecological Knowledges or Indigenous Territories are passed down is through oral tradition. This course is based on Wabanaki stories and legends about the land and its inhabitants.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>3410 CANADIAN TREATIES AND SELF-GOVERNMENT AGREEMENTS<br \/>\nThis course is a survey of Treaties in Canada. This includes pre-confederation treaties with First Nations, numbered treaties with First Nations, modern treaties which include land claims and self-governing treaties or agreements with Inuit and the M\u00e9tis.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITES: IKE 2000<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>IKE 4010 Louis Riel and the Red River and North-West Resistances<br \/>\nThis course examines the life of Louis Riel and his involvement and leadership with the Red River Resistance and the North-West Resistance. Students will develop an understanding of the complexities of the life of Riel, his role in Canadian history, and his passion for the M\u00e9tis.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE: IKE 2110<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>4040 Urban Indigenous Peoples of Canada<br \/>\nThis course will examine the systemic issues shaping the lives of Canada\u2019s urban Indigenous people. Students will develop an understanding of the complexities that are currently impacting urban Indigenous identity, language, culture, health, and rights.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE: IKE 1040 or equivalent<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>4090 INDIGENOUS SPECIAL TOPICS<br \/>\nIndigenous issues in Canada. Students will undertake a thorough and independent examination of a topic of interest with an opportunity to present their research findings to stakeholders in ways that respond to the TRC Calls to Action and advance reconciliation in Canada.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITES:\u00a0 IKE 1040, One IKE 2000 level course and two IKE 3000 level courses<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>4096 APPLIED INDIGENOUS JUSTICE<br \/>\nStudents will study various justice systems where Indigenous justice is being applied such as the Courts, federal and provincial corrections, and sentencing circles. This course will see students gain valuable and practical analytical and writing skills which can be applied to future careers in a variety of settings in ways that respond to the TRC Calls to Action and advance reconciliation in Canada. The format will be a combination of lecture and workshops.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 3056<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>4210 GIJITUAQASIN: ON THE LAND<br \/>\nThis is an experiential land-based field course connecting students to Mother Earth utilizing a two-eyed seeing approach.\u00a0 Elders and Knowledge-keepers will provide guidance to the students during this intensive course.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>4240 IKA\u2019TAQUEY: INDIGENOUS GARDENING &amp; MEDITATIVE PRACTICES<br \/>\nBeing mindful on the land provides a deep connection to Mother Earth. This is a hands-on experiential course where students learn and practice being present and mindful while growing a summer Mi\u2019Kmaq garden.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITES:\u00a0 IKE 1040 and permission of the instructor<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>4410 INDIGENOUS TERRITORIES USE-AND-OCCUPANCY RESEARCH METHODS<br \/>\nThis course utilizes Indigenous Methodologies and Research Methods to design and collect data for projects based on a land use-and-occupancy method called Biographic Mapping. The course has a learning-experiential component in the field and instructors will coordinate the course with Elders and Knowledge-Keepers from the region.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 3066<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n<p>4520 ISLANDS OF INDIGENEITY<br \/>\nIslands have traditionally been represented in a multitude of ways, for instance as warm-water tourism destinations, quiet retreats from the mainland and nature reserves, amongst others.\u00a0 This course examines<br \/>\nislandness utilizing Indigenous worldviews.<br \/>\nPREREQUISITE:\u00a0 IKE 1040<br \/>\nThree semester hours of credit<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":21,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-164","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":123,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/calendar.upei.ca\/current\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/164","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/calendar.upei.ca\/current\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/calendar.upei.ca\/current\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/calendar.upei.ca\/current\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/calendar.upei.ca\/current\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/164\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":785,"href":"https:\/\/calendar.upei.ca\/current\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/164\/revisions\/785"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/calendar.upei.ca\/current\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/123"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/calendar.upei.ca\/current\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/164\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/calendar.upei.ca\/current\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/calendar.upei.ca\/current\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=164"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/calendar.upei.ca\/current\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=164"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/calendar.upei.ca\/current\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}